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了解蚊子的宿主选择行为:一种从蚊子血餐中识别人类宿主性别的新的低成本方法。

Understanding mosquito host-choice behaviour: a new and low-cost method of identifying the sex of human hosts from mosquito blood meals.

机构信息

Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.

Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.

出版信息

Parasit Vectors. 2021 Jan 22;14(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04577-w.

DOI:10.1186/s13071-021-04577-w
PMID:33482889
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7825230/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Mosquito-borne diseases are a global health problem, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths per year. Pathogens are transmitted by mosquitoes feeding on the blood of an infected host and then feeding on a new host. Monitoring mosquito host-choice behaviour can help in many aspects of vector-borne disease control. Currently, it is possible to determine the host species and an individual human host from the blood meal of a mosquito by using genotyping to match the blood profile of local inhabitants. Epidemiological models generally assume that mosquito biting behaviour is random; however, numerous studies have shown that certain characteristics, e.g. genetic makeup and skin microbiota, make some individuals more attractive to mosquitoes than others. Analysing blood meals and illuminating host-choice behaviour will help re-evaluate and optimise disease transmission models.

METHODS

We describe a new blood meal assay that identifies the sex of the person that a mosquito has bitten. The amelogenin locus (AMEL), a sex marker located on both X and Y chromosomes, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction in DNA extracted from blood-fed Aedes aegypti and Anopheles coluzzii.

RESULTS

AMEL could be successfully amplified up to 24 h after a blood meal in 100% of An. coluzzii and 96.6% of Ae. aegypti, revealing the sex of humans that were fed on by individual mosquitoes.

CONCLUSIONS

The method described here, developed using mosquitoes fed on volunteers, can be applied to field-caught mosquitoes to determine the host species and the biological sex of human hosts on which they have blood fed. Two important vector species were tested successfully in our laboratory experiments, demonstrating the potential of this technique to improve epidemiological models of vector-borne diseases. This viable and low-cost approach has the capacity to improve our understanding of vector-borne disease transmission, specifically gender differences in exposure and attractiveness to mosquitoes. The data gathered from field studies using our method can be used to shape new transmission models and aid in the implementation of more effective and targeted vector control strategies by enabling a better understanding of the drivers of vector-host interactions.

摘要

背景

蚊媒疾病是一个全球性的健康问题,每年导致数十万人死亡。病原体通过蚊子吸食受感染宿主的血液,然后再吸食新宿主的血液进行传播。监测蚊子的宿主选择行为可以在控制虫媒疾病的许多方面提供帮助。目前,可以通过基因分型来匹配当地居民的血液图谱,从蚊子的血餐中确定蚊子所吸食的宿主物种和个体人类宿主。流行病学模型通常假设蚊子的叮咬行为是随机的;然而,许多研究表明,某些特征,如遗传构成和皮肤微生物群,使某些个体比其他个体更吸引蚊子。分析血餐并阐明宿主选择行为将有助于重新评估和优化疾病传播模型。

方法

我们描述了一种新的血餐分析方法,该方法可确定蚊子叮咬的人的性别。聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增了位于 X 和 Y 染色体上的性别标记 amelogenin 基因座(AMEL),从吸食了血液的埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊的 DNA 中提取。

结果

在 100%的致倦库蚊和 96.6%的埃及伊蚊中,AMEL 可以在血餐后 24 小时内成功扩增,从而揭示了个体蚊子吸食的人类的性别。

结论

这里描述的方法是使用吸食志愿者的蚊子开发的,可以应用于野外捕获的蚊子,以确定其吸食的宿主物种和人类宿主的生物性别。在我们的实验室实验中,两种重要的媒介物种都成功地进行了测试,证明了该技术改善虫媒疾病传播的潜力。这种可行且低成本的方法有能力提高我们对虫媒疾病传播的理解,特别是在暴露和对蚊子的吸引力方面的性别差异。通过更好地了解媒介-宿主相互作用的驱动因素,使用我们的方法从野外研究中收集的数据可以用于塑造新的传播模型,并有助于实施更有效和有针对性的媒介控制策略。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4cb2/7825230/25320dd1f6a3/13071_2021_4577_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4cb2/7825230/342ea9dff92a/13071_2021_4577_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4cb2/7825230/a48a4bca9414/13071_2021_4577_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4cb2/7825230/cbaf8878af07/13071_2021_4577_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4cb2/7825230/25320dd1f6a3/13071_2021_4577_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4cb2/7825230/342ea9dff92a/13071_2021_4577_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4cb2/7825230/a48a4bca9414/13071_2021_4577_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4cb2/7825230/cbaf8878af07/13071_2021_4577_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4cb2/7825230/25320dd1f6a3/13071_2021_4577_Fig4_HTML.jpg

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