Harrington Laura C, Fleisher Andrew, Ruiz-Moreno Diego, Vermeylen Francoise, Wa Chrystal V, Poulson Rebecca L, Edman John D, Clark John M, Jones James W, Kitthawee Sangvorn, Scott Thomas W
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.
Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Aug 7;8(8):e3048. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003048. eCollection 2014 Aug.
Mosquito biting frequency and how bites are distributed among different people can have significant epidemiologic effects. An improved understanding of mosquito vector-human interactions would refine knowledge of the entomological processes supporting pathogen transmission and could reveal targets for minimizing risk and breaking pathogen transmission cycles.
We used human DNA blood meal profiling of the dengue virus (DENV) vector, Aedes aegypti, to quantify its contact with human hosts and to infer epidemiologic implications of its blood feeding behavior. We determined the number of different people bitten, biting frequency by host age, size, mosquito age, and the number of times each person was bitten. Of 3,677 engorged mosquitoes collected and 1,186 complete DNA profiles, only 420 meals matched people from the study area, indicating that Ae. aegypti feed on people moving transiently through communities to conduct daily business. 10-13% of engorged mosquitoes fed on more than one person. No biting rate differences were detected between high- and low-dengue transmission seasons. We estimate that 43-46% of engorged mosquitoes bit more than one person within each gonotrophic cycle. Most multiple meals were from residents of the mosquito collection house or neighbors. People ≤ 25 years old were bitten less often than older people. Some hosts were fed on frequently, with three hosts bitten nine times. Interaction networks for mosquitoes and humans revealed biologically significant blood feeding hotspots, including community marketplaces.
High multiple-feeding rates and feeding on community visitors are likely important features in the efficient transmission and rapid spread of DENV. These results help explain why reducing vector populations alone is difficult for dengue prevention and support the argument for additional studies of mosquito feeding behavior, which when integrated with a greater understanding of human behavior will refine estimates of risk and strategies for dengue control.
蚊子的叮咬频率以及叮咬在不同人群中的分布情况可能会产生重大的流行病学影响。更好地理解蚊媒与人类的相互作用，将完善对支持病原体传播的昆虫学过程的认识，并可能揭示降低风险和打破病原体传播循环的目标。
我们利用登革热病毒（DENV）媒介埃及伊蚊的人类DNA血餐谱，来量化其与人类宿主的接触，并推断其吸血行为的流行病学意义。我们确定了被叮咬的不同人数、按宿主年龄、体型、蚊子年龄划分的叮咬频率，以及每个人被叮咬的次数。在收集的3677只饱血蚊子和1186份完整的DNA谱中，只有420份血餐与研究区域的人匹配，这表明埃及伊蚊吸食的是在社区中短暂活动以开展日常事务的人。10% - 13%的饱血蚊子吸食了不止一个人的血。在登革热高传播季节和低传播季节之间未检测到叮咬率差异。我们估计，在每个生殖营养周期内，43% - 46%的饱血蚊子叮咬了不止一个人。大多数多次吸血来自蚊子采集屋的居民或邻居。25岁及以下的人被叮咬的频率低于年长者。一些宿主被频繁叮咬，有三个宿主被叮咬了九次。蚊子与人类的相互作用网络揭示了具有生物学意义的吸血热点，包括社区市场。
高多次吸血率以及吸食社区访客的血可能是登革热病毒有效传播和快速扩散的重要特征。这些结果有助于解释为什么仅减少蚊媒数量难以预防登革热，并支持对蚊子吸血行为进行更多研究的观点，将其与对人类行为的更深入理解相结合，将完善风险评估和登革热控制策略。
