Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, National Engineering Research Center of Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2021 Jan 22;10(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40249-021-00796-6.
Malaria and neglected communicable protozoa parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, are among the otherwise called diseases for neglected communities, which are habitual in underprivileged populations in developing tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Some of the currently available therapeutic drugs have some limitations such as toxicity and questionable efficacy and long treatment period, which have encouraged resistance. These have prompted many researchers to focus on finding new drugs that are safe, effective, and affordable from marine environments. The aim of this review was to show the diversity, structural scaffolds, in-vitro or in-vivo efficacy, and recent progress made in the discovery/isolation of marine natural products (MNPs) with potent bioactivity against malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis.
We searched PubMed and Google scholar using Boolean Operators (AND, OR, and NOT) and the combination of related terms for articles on marine natural products (MNPs) discovery published only in English language from January 2016 to June 2020. Twenty nine articles reported the isolation, identification and antiparasitic activity of the isolated compounds from marine environment. A total of 125 compounds were reported to have been isolated, out of which 45 were newly isolated compounds. These compounds were all isolated from bacteria, a fungus, sponges, algae, a bryozoan, cnidarians and soft corals. In recent years, great progress is being made on anti-malarial drug discovery from marine organisms with the isolation of these potent compounds. Comparably, some of these promising antikinetoplastid MNPs have potency better or similar to conventional drugs and could be developed as both antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal drugs. However, very few of these MNPs have a pharmaceutical destiny due to lack of the following: sustainable production of the bioactive compounds, standard efficient screening methods, knowledge of the mechanism of action, partnerships between researchers and pharmaceutical industries.
It is crystal clear that marine organisms are a rich source of antiparasitic compounds, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, polyketides, terpene, coumarins, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and lactones. The current and future technological innovation in natural products drug discovery will bolster the drug armamentarium for malaria and neglected tropical diseases.
疟疾和被忽视的传染性原生动物寄生虫病，如利什曼病和锥虫病，是所谓的被忽视社区疾病之一，这些疾病在非洲、亚洲和美洲的发展中热带和亚热带地区的贫困人群中很常见。一些现有的治疗药物存在一些局限性，如毒性、疗效可疑和治疗周期长，这鼓励了耐药性的产生。这促使许多研究人员专注于从海洋环境中寻找安全、有效和负担得起的新药。本综述的目的是展示海洋天然产物（MNPs）的多样性、结构骨架、体外或体内疗效，以及在发现/分离对疟疾、利什曼病和锥虫病具有强大生物活性的海洋天然产物方面的最新进展。
我们使用布尔运算符（AND、OR 和 NOT）和相关术语的组合，在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 上搜索了仅用英语发表的 2016 年 1 月至 2020 年 6 月期间关于海洋天然产物（MNPs）发现的文章。有 29 篇文章报道了从海洋环境中分离、鉴定和抗寄生虫活性的海洋天然产物（MNPs）的研究。共报道了 125 种化合物被分离出来，其中 45 种是新分离的化合物。这些化合物均从细菌、真菌、海绵、藻类、苔藓动物、刺胞动物和软珊瑚中分离出来。近年来，在从海洋生物中发现抗疟药物方面取得了很大进展，这些有潜力的化合物的分离就是证明。相比之下，这些有前景的抗锥虫 MNPs 中的一些具有更好或与传统药物相当的活性，可开发为抗利什曼病和抗锥虫病药物。然而，由于缺乏以下因素，这些 MNPs 中很少有具有药用前景的：生物活性化合物的可持续生产、标准有效的筛选方法、作用机制的知识、研究人员与制药行业之间的合作。
很明显，海洋生物是抗寄生虫化合物的丰富来源，如生物碱、萜类、肽、聚酮类、萜烯、香豆素、甾体、脂肪酸衍生物和内酯。天然产物药物发现的当前和未来技术创新将为疟疾和被忽视的热带病提供更多的药物选择。
