American College of Preventive Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.
NC Division of Public Health, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Am J Prev Med. 2021 Feb;60(2):198-204. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.016.
Healthcare organizations are transitioning from fee-for-service, volume-based care toward value-based care and the Triple Aim. Physicians have critical roles as leaders and practitioners in this emerging field of population health management; however, the competencies required of these physicians are not well described. The purpose of this study is to explore the approaches of healthcare systems to population health-related functions, the competencies needed, and the characteristics of physicians who lead or staff these functions.
Investigators conducted semistructured interviews with a convenience sample of 14 healthcare executives and 15 Preventive Medicine physicians and a focus group with 9 healthcare executives. Interviews and the focus group were recorded, transcribed, and coded. Themes and notable quotes were identified. Data were collected and analyzed in 2019.
Population health was variously defined by the healthcare executives, often naming specific components or activities. The typical population health activities described by healthcare executives (e.g., quality measurement and process improvement) were reported along with the skills of physicians performing these functions (e.g., data analysis, informatics, leadership, business acumen). A total of 2 types of population health physicians were described: the clinician leader and the population health specialist.
This exploratory study identified several useful competencies for population health physicians in healthcare systems. Findings point to opportunities to promote a more systematic approach to population health and to prepare Preventive Medicine and other physicians for population health management positions.
医疗机构正从按服务收费、基于数量的医疗模式向基于价值的医疗和三重目标模式转变。医生在这个新兴的人群健康管理领域作为领导者和从业者发挥着关键作用；然而，对于这些医生所需的能力还没有很好的描述。本研究旨在探讨医疗系统在人群健康相关功能方面的方法、所需的能力以及领导或负责这些功能的医生的特点。
研究人员对 14 名医疗保健主管和 15 名预防医学医生进行了半结构式访谈，并对 9 名医疗保健主管进行了焦点小组讨论。对访谈和焦点小组进行了录音、转录和编码。确定了主题和值得注意的引语。数据于 2019 年收集和分析。
医疗保健主管对人群健康的定义各不相同，通常是指特定的组成部分或活动。医疗保健主管描述的典型人群健康活动（例如，质量测量和流程改进）与执行这些功能的医生的技能（例如，数据分析、信息学、领导力、商业头脑）一起报告。描述了两种类型的人群健康医生：临床医生领导者和人群健康专家。
这项探索性研究确定了医疗系统中人群健康医生的一些有用能力。研究结果指出了促进人群健康更系统方法的机会，并为预防医学和其他医生提供了人群健康管理职位的准备。
