Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Vaccines and Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Antonio Pastore 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 2;19(17):10995. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710995.
To work efficiently in healthcare organizations and optimize resources, team members should agree with their leader's decisions critically. However, nowadays, little evidence is available in the literature. This systematic review and meta-analysis has assessed the effectiveness of leadership interventions in improving healthcare outcomes such as performance and guidelines adherence. Overall, the search strategies retrieved 3,155 records, and 21 of them were included in the meta-analysis. Two databases were used for manuscript research: PubMed and Scopus. On 16th December 2019 the researchers searched for articles published in the English language from 2015 to 2019. Considering the study designs, the pooled leadership effectiveness was 14.0% (95%CI 10.0-18.0%) in before-after studies, whereas the correlation coefficient between leadership interventions and healthcare outcomes was 0.22 (95%CI 0.15-0.28) in the cross-sectional studies. The multi-regression analysis in the cross-sectional studies showed a higher leadership effectiveness in South America (β = 0.56; 95%CI 0.13, 0.99), in private hospitals (β = 0.60; 95%CI 0.14, 1.06), and in medical specialty (β = 0.28; 95%CI 0.02, 0.54). These results encourage the improvement of leadership culture to increase performance and guideline adherence in healthcare settings. To reach this purpose, it would be useful to introduce a leadership curriculum following undergraduate medical courses.
为了在医疗保健组织中高效工作并优化资源，团队成员应批判性地认同其领导的决策。然而，目前文献中几乎没有证据。本系统评价和荟萃分析评估了领导干预措施在改善医疗保健结果（如绩效和指南遵循）方面的有效性。总的来说，搜索策略检索到 3155 条记录，其中 21 条记录被纳入荟萃分析。使用了两个数据库进行手稿研究：PubMed 和 Scopus。研究人员于 2019 年 12 月 16 日搜索了 2015 年至 2019 年以英文发表的文章。考虑到研究设计，在前后研究中，综合领导效能为 14.0%（95%CI 10.0-18.0%），而在横断面研究中，领导干预与医疗保健结果之间的相关系数为 0.22（95%CI 0.15-0.28）。横断面研究中的多元回归分析显示，在南美洲（β=0.56；95%CI 0.13，0.99）、私立医院（β=0.60；95%CI 0.14，1.06）和医学专科（β=0.28；95%CI 0.02，0.54）中，领导效能更高。这些结果鼓励改善领导文化，以提高医疗保健环境中的绩效和指南遵循。为了达到这个目的，在本科医学课程之后引入领导力课程将是有用的。
