Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 22;11(1):2108. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81307-3.
This study employed a series of heartbeat perception tasks to assess the hypothesis that cardiac interoceptive processing in individuals with depression/anxiety (N = 221), and substance use disorders (N = 136) is less flexible than that of healthy individuals (N = 53) in the context of physiological perturbation. Cardiac interoception was assessed via heartbeat tapping when: (1) guessing was allowed; (2) guessing was not allowed; and (3) experiencing an interoceptive perturbation (inspiratory breath hold) expected to amplify cardiac sensation. Healthy participants showed performance improvements across the three conditions, whereas those with depression/anxiety and/or substance use disorder showed minimal improvement. Machine learning analyses suggested that individual differences in these improvements were negatively related to anxiety sensitivity, but explained relatively little variance in performance. These results reveal a perceptual insensitivity to the modulation of interoceptive signals that was evident across several common psychiatric disorders, suggesting that interoceptive deficits in the realm of psychopathology manifest most prominently during states of homeostatic perturbation.
本研究采用了一系列心跳感知任务，以评估以下假设：在生理干扰的情况下，患有抑郁/焦虑症（N=221）和物质使用障碍（N=136）的个体的心脏内脏感觉加工不如健康个体（N=53）灵活。通过心跳敲击来评估心脏内脏感知，当：（1）允许猜测；（2）不允许猜测；（3）经历预期会放大心脏感觉的内脏感觉干扰（吸气屏息）时。健康参与者在三种情况下均表现出了性能的提高，而患有抑郁/焦虑症和/或物质使用障碍的参与者的提高则很少。机器学习分析表明，这些改善的个体差异与焦虑敏感负相关，但对性能的解释相对较小。这些结果揭示了对内脏感觉信号调制的知觉不敏感，这种不敏感在几种常见的精神障碍中都很明显，这表明在稳态干扰状态下，精神病理学领域的内脏感觉缺陷表现得最为明显。
