Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2021 Mar;207(2):127-139. doi: 10.1007/s00359-020-01460-4. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
Spider silk attracts researchers from the most diverse fields, such as material science or medicine. However, still little is known about silk aside from its molecular structure and material strength. Spiders produce many different silks and even join several silk types to one functional unit. In cribellate spiders, a complex multi-fibre system with up to six different silks affects the adherence to the prey. The assembly of these cribellate capture threads influences the mechanical properties as each fibre type absorbs forces specifically. For the interplay of fibres, spinnerets have to move spatially and come into contact with each other at specific points in time. However, spinneret kinematics are not well described though highly sophisticated movements are performed which are in no way inferior to the movements of other flexible appendages. We describe here the kinematics for the spinnerets involved in the cribellate spinning process of the grey house spider, Badumna longinqua, as an example of spinneret kinematics in general. With this information, we set a basis for understanding spinneret kinematics in other spinning processes of spiders and additionally provide inspiration for biomimetic multiple fibre spinning.
蜘蛛丝吸引了来自不同领域的研究人员，如材料科学或医学。然而，除了其分子结构和材料强度之外，人们对丝的了解仍然很少。蜘蛛会产生许多不同类型的丝，甚至将几种丝类型组合成一个功能单元。在有筛器的蜘蛛中，一个复杂的多纤维系统，多达六种不同的丝，影响着对猎物的粘附。这些筛状的捕获线的组装影响着机械性能，因为每种纤维类型都专门吸收力。为了纤维的相互作用，喷丝头必须在空间上移动，并在特定的时间点相互接触。然而，尽管喷丝头执行了非常复杂的运动，但它们的运动方式并没有比其他灵活的附肢差，所以它们的运动方式并没有得到很好的描述。我们在这里描述了参与灰色房子蜘蛛 Badumna longinqua 筛状纺丝过程的喷丝头的运动学，作为一般喷丝头运动学的一个例子。有了这些信息，我们为理解蜘蛛其他纺丝过程中的喷丝头运动学奠定了基础，此外还为仿生多纤维纺丝提供了灵感。
