Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Feb;28(8):9050-9066. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12395-x. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
The world's water supplies have been contaminated due to large effluents containing toxic pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, surfactants, personal care products, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals from agricultural, industrial, and municipal resources into water streams. Water contamination and its treatment have emerged out as an escalating challenge globally. Extraordinary efforts have been made to overcome the challenges of wastewater treatment in recent years. Various techniques such as chemical methods like Fenton oxidation and electrochemical oxidation, physical procedures like adsorption and membrane filtration, and several biological techniques have been recognized for the treatment of wastewater. This review communicates insights into recent research developments in different treatment techniques and their applications to eradicate various water contaminants. Research gaps have also been identified regarding multiple strategies for understanding key aspects that are important to pilot-scale or large-scale systems. Based on this review, it can be determined that adsorption is a simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly technique for wastewater treatment, among all other existing technologies. However, there is a need for further research and development, optimization, and practical implementation of the integrated process for a wide range of applications.
由于含有毒污染物的大量废水（如染料、重金属、表面活性剂、个人护理产品、农药和来自农业、工业和城市资源的药品）流入水流，世界水资源受到了污染。水污染及其处理已成为全球日益严峻的挑战。近年来，为克服废水处理的挑战，人们付出了巨大努力。各种技术，如芬顿氧化和电化学氧化等化学方法、吸附和膜过滤等物理程序以及多种生物技术，已被用于废水处理。本综述介绍了不同处理技术的最新研究进展及其在消除各种水污染物方面的应用。针对理解对中试或大规模系统很重要的关键方面的多种策略，也确定了研究空白。基于此综述，可以确定，在所有其他现有技术中，吸附是一种用于废水处理的简单、可持续、具有成本效益和环境友好的技术。然而，需要进一步的研究和开发、优化以及综合工艺的实际应用，以满足广泛的应用需求。
