Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China.
SCIEX, Beijing, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 15;769:144396. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144396. Epub 2020 Dec 25.
Glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium are the main herbicides used to control weeds in no-tillage agricultural fields in China. However, their leaching risk to groundwater and ecological risk to aquatic organisms remain unclear. From the agricultural basins among 10 provinces of China, glyphosate, its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate ammonium were detected in 1.01%, 0.86%, 0% of 694 groundwater samples with the maximum concentrations of 2.09, 5.13, and <0.05 μg/L, and were detected in 14.3%, 15.8%, and 2.6% of 196 surface water samples with the maximum levels of 32.49, 10.31 and 13.15 μg/L. Furthermore, to evaluate the main drivers of exposure to the targets in water bodies, the fate models were used. The model simulation indicated that spray drift and overflow runoff were the key factors affecting the exposure to targets in surface water adjacent to rice field, whereas the spray drift deposition, runoff, and erosion induced the exposure to the targets in pond water close to dry land crop fields under different meteorological conditions and soil characteristics. The targets in groundwater posed a low risk to water consumption, while fish embryos might be at unacceptable risk due to glufosinate ammonium exposure in surface water with median risk quotient (RQ) equal to 55.6. The results highlight the spatial and seasonal distribution of glyphosate, AMPA, and glufosinate ammonium in groundwater and surface water in agricultural basins of China, providing the first evidence to the environmental risk of the targets to drinking water consumption and aquatic organism safety in China agriculture system.
草甘膦和草铵膦是中国免耕农田中用于控制杂草的主要除草剂。然而，它们对地下水的淋溶风险和对水生生物的生态风险仍不清楚。在中国 10 个省份的农业流域中，在 694 个地下水样本中的 1.01%、694 个地下水样本中的 0.86%和 0%中检测到草甘膦、其主要代谢物氨甲基膦酸（AMPA）和草铵膦，最大浓度分别为 2.09、5.13 和 <0.05μg/L，在 196 个地表水样本中的 14.3%、15.8%和 2.6%中检测到，最大浓度分别为 32.49、10.31 和 13.15μg/L。此外，为了评估水体中目标物暴露的主要驱动因素，使用了命运模型。模型模拟表明，喷雾漂移和溢出径流是影响稻田附近地表水目标物暴露的关键因素，而在不同气象条件和土壤特征下，喷雾漂移沉积、径流和侵蚀导致靠近旱地作物农田的池塘水目标物暴露。地下水目标物对饮用水消费的风险较低，而由于地表水中间风险商（RQ）等于 55.6，暴露于草铵膦的鱼胚胎可能面临不可接受的风险。研究结果突出了中国农业流域地下水和地表水中文脉酸、AMPA 和草铵膦的空间和季节性分布，为目标物对中国农业系统饮用水消费和水生生物安全的环境风险提供了首次证据。
