Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatric Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2021 Jun;110(6):1817-1826. doi: 10.1111/apa.15776. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
To study whether a specific cognitive profile can be identified for children born extremely preterm (EPT) by investigating: 1) strengths and weaknesses not revealed by Full-Scale IQ, 2) overlap between different cognitive deficits and 3) proportion of EPT children with multiple deficits.
We analysed data from the 4 version of Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children in EPT children (n = 359) and matched controls (n = 367), collected within the 6.5-year follow-up of a population-based prospective cohort study.
Extremely preterm children performed worse than controls on all measures. Group differences were the largest in Perceptual Reasoning (PRI) and Working Memory (WMI), but differences between indices were small. However, when conducting categorical analyses, deficits in PRI and/or WMI were not more common than other combinations. Many EPT children had no or mild cognitive deficits, although often in multiple domains.
Extremely preterm children had greater weaknesses in working memory and perceptual abilities. However, detailed analyses of cognitive subscales showed large heterogeneity and provided no support for a specific cognitive profile. In conclusion, Full-Scale IQ scores hide strengths and weaknesses and individual profiles for EPT children need to be considered in order to provide appropriate support.
通过研究以下三个方面，探究是否能为极早产儿（EPT）儿童确定特定的认知特征：1）全量表智商（FSIQ）未揭示的优势和劣势，2）不同认知缺陷之间的重叠，3）存在多种缺陷的 EPT 儿童的比例。
我们分析了一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究的 6.5 年随访中，在 EPT 儿童（n=359）和匹配对照组（n=367）中收集的韦氏儿童智力量表 4 个版本的数据。
EPT 儿童在所有测试中均表现不如对照组。在知觉推理（PRI）和工作记忆（WMI）方面，组间差异最大，但指数之间的差异较小。然而，进行分类分析时，PRI 和/或 WMI 缺陷并不比其他组合更常见。尽管经常存在多个领域，但许多 EPT 儿童没有或仅有轻度认知缺陷。
EPT 儿童在工作记忆和知觉能力方面存在较大的劣势。然而，对认知子量表的详细分析显示出较大的异质性，并未为特定的认知特征提供支持。总之，全量表智商分数掩盖了优势和劣势，需要考虑 EPT 儿童的个体特征，以便提供适当的支持。
