Quan Wenjing, Ren Feng, Sun Dong, Fekete Gusztáv, He Yuhuan
Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, China.
Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary.
Appl Bionics Biomech. 2021 Jan 4;2021:8894636. doi: 10.1155/2021/8894636. eCollection 2021.
Examining and understanding the biomechanics of novice runners and experienced runners can further improve our knowledge within the field of running mechanics and running injuries. The purpose of this study was to classify the differences in lower limb biomechanics during a 3.3 m/s running task among both experienced runners and novice runners.
Twenty-four participants (12 experienced runners and 12 novice runners) ran at 3.3 m/s across a force plate; kinematics and kinetics data were collected by the Vicon motion system and Kistler force plate. Group comparisons were made using an independent samples -test to identify differences in the impact peak, loading rate, contact time, ankle, knee, and hip joint kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase.
No significant differences were observed between novice and experienced runners for both ankle and knee joint kinetics except that the ankle joint plantar flexion torque was significantly greater in the novice runners. However, the plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, range of motion (ROM), plantar flexion torque, and max angular velocity of ankle joint significantly increased in novice runners than inexperienced runners. Additionally, the flexion angle and range of motion of the hip joint were observed to be larger in the novice runners. Moreover, the maximum extension torque and the maximum extension power in the hip joint were significantly increased in the experienced runners. There were no significant differences in the first peak, contact time, and average vertical loading rate. Novice runners showed a larger vertical instantaneous loading rate than experienced runners.
These preliminary findings indicate that novice runners are prone to running injuries in comparison to experienced runners. Novice runners showed larger kinematics and kinetic parameters in the joint of the ankle and hip. Novice runners should enhance muscle strength in the hip and choose scientific training methods.
研究和理解新手跑步者与有经验跑步者的生物力学，能够进一步增进我们在跑步力学和跑步损伤领域的知识。本研究的目的是对有经验跑步者和新手跑步者在3.3米/秒跑步任务中的下肢生物力学差异进行分类。
24名参与者（12名有经验跑步者和12名新手跑步者）以3.3米/秒的速度跑过测力台；运动学和动力学数据由Vicon运动系统和奇石乐测力台采集。采用独立样本t检验进行组间比较，以确定站立阶段撞击峰值、加载率、接触时间、踝关节、膝关节和髋关节的运动学和动力学差异。
新手和有经验跑步者在踝关节和膝关节动力学方面未观察到显著差异，只是新手跑步者的踝关节跖屈扭矩显著更大。然而，新手跑步者的踝关节跖屈、背屈、运动范围（ROM）、跖屈扭矩和最大角速度比无经验跑步者显著增加。此外，观察到新手跑步者的髋关节屈曲角度和运动范围更大。而且，有经验跑步者髋关节的最大伸展扭矩和最大伸展功率显著增加。在第一个峰值、接触时间和平均垂直加载率方面没有显著差异。新手跑步者的垂直瞬时加载率比有经验跑步者更大。
这些初步研究结果表明，与有经验跑步者相比，新手跑步者更容易发生跑步损伤。新手跑步者在踝关节和髋关节的运动学和动力学参数更大。新手跑步者应增强髋关节肌肉力量并选择科学的训练方法。
