Jiang Xinyan, Xu Datao, Fang Yufei, Bíró István, Baker Julien S, Gu Yaodong
Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China.
Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Jul 24;10(7):876. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10070876.
Increased running experience appears to lower the risk of running-related injuries, but the mechanisms underlying this are unknown. Studying the biomechanics of runners with different running experiences before and after long-distance running can improve our understanding of the relationship between faulty running mechanics and injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if there were any differences in lower-limb biomechanics between runners after a 5 km run. Biomechanical data were collected from 15 novice and 15 experienced runners. Principal component analysis (PCA) with single-component reconstruction was used to identify variations in running biomechanics across the gait waveforms. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to explore the effects of runner and a 5 km run. Significant runner group differences were found for the kinematics and kinetics of lower-limb joints and ground reaction force (GRF) with respect to the magnitude across the stance phase. We found that novice runners exhibited greater changes in joint angles, joint moments, and GRFs than experienced runners regardless of the prolonged running session, and those patterns may relate to lower-limb injuries. The results of this study suggest that the PCA approach can provide unique insight into running biomechanics and injury mechanisms. The findings from the study could potentially guide training program developments and injury prevention protocols for runners with different running experiences.
跑步经验的增加似乎能降低与跑步相关的受伤风险，但其背后的机制尚不清楚。研究不同跑步经验的跑步者在长跑前后的生物力学，有助于我们更好地理解错误的跑步力学与受伤之间的关系。本研究的目的是调查5公里跑步后，不同跑步者的下肢生物力学是否存在差异。收集了15名新手跑步者和15名有经验跑步者的生物力学数据。采用单分量重建的主成分分析（PCA）来识别步态波形中跑步生物力学的变化。进行双向重复测量方差分析，以探讨跑步者和5公里跑步的影响。在整个站立阶段，发现新手跑步者和有经验跑步者在下肢关节的运动学和动力学以及地面反作用力（GRF）的大小方面存在显著差异。我们发现，无论跑步时间长短，新手跑步者在关节角度、关节力矩和GRF方面的变化都比有经验的跑步者更大，这些模式可能与下肢受伤有关。本研究结果表明，PCA方法可以为跑步生物力学和损伤机制提供独特的见解。该研究结果可能为不同跑步经验的跑步者制定训练计划和预防损伤方案提供指导。
