Berra Wondu Garoma
Wollega University, Nutrition Unit, P.O.Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
J Nutr Metab. 2020 Nov 3;2020:1787065. doi: 10.1155/2020/1787065. eCollection 2020.
Identifying the combination of local foods that optimize nutrient intake is challenging. This study addressed how local foods could be rationally combined to provide basic nutritional needs, while limiting the use of commercial foods among children in Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional survey was carried out to estimate dietary intakes of 396 children (6-23 months of age) using 24-hour recall and WDR. Anthropometrics (weight and height) of the children was taken to calibrate energy and protein requirements to body sizes during ProPAN analysis. Model parameters were defined using dietary and market-survey data. ProPAN (2.0), SAS (9.2), and NutriSurvey for Windows were used for data analysis.
Age-specific optimal combinations of local foods that achieve nutrient adequacy set by the WHO/FAO (≥70% RDA) for 9 nutrients were successfully generated. Overall, the percentage of children consuming ≥ EAR for most nutrients obtained from median servings was 54.3%, 89.9%, 61.8%, 12.9%, 85.6%, 79.7%, and 34.2% for energy, protein, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium, respectively. The percentage of RDA was 46.3% for zinc, 56.7% for vitamin A, 24.3% for vitamin C, and 40% for calcium among infants (6-11 months), whereas the respective percentage of RDA was 78.1% for zinc, 100% for vitamin A, 43.3% for vitamin C, and 50% for calcium in older children (12-23 months of age). However, careful combination of local foods, slightly complimented by commercial foods, has shown substantial improvement in nutrient adequacy, ensuring ≥99% RDA for all target nutrients.
Careful combinations of local foods have the potential to achieve optimum dietary intakes of essential nutrients. However, minimal consideration of commercial foods has been inevitable, especially for infants aged 6-11 months.
确定能优化营养摄入的当地食物组合具有挑战性。本研究探讨了如何合理搭配当地食物以满足基本营养需求，同时限制埃塞俄比亚儿童对商业食品的使用。
采用横断面调查，通过24小时回顾法和称重膳食记录法评估396名6至23个月大儿童的饮食摄入量。在蛋白质和能量需求预测分析过程中，测量儿童的人体测量指标（体重和身高），以根据身体大小校准能量和蛋白质需求。使用饮食和市场调查数据定义模型参数。数据分析采用蛋白质和能量需求预测软件（2.0版）、SAS软件（9.2版）以及适用于Windows系统的营养调查软件。
成功生成了按年龄划分的当地食物最佳组合，这些组合能满足世界卫生组织/联合国粮农组织针对9种营养素设定的营养充足标准（≥70%推荐膳食摄入量）。总体而言，从每餐中位数摄入量中获取的大多数营养素摄入量≥估计平均需求量（EAR）的儿童比例，能量为54.3%，蛋白质为89.9%，铁为61.8%，锌为12.9%，维生素A为85.6%，维生素C为79.7%，钙为34.2%。在婴儿（6至11个月）中，锌的推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）比例为46.3%，维生素A为56.7%，维生素C为24.3%，钙为40%；而在大龄儿童（12至23个月）中，锌的RDA比例为78.1%，维生素A为100%，维生素C为43.3%，钙为50%。然而，精心搭配当地食物，并辅以少量商业食品，已显示出营养充足率有显著提高，确保所有目标营养素的RDA≥99%。
精心搭配当地食物有潜力实现必需营养素的最佳膳食摄入量。然而，不可避免地需要少量考虑商业食品，尤其是对于6至11个月大的婴儿。
