Tinawi Mohammad, Bastani Bahar
Nephrology, Nephrology Specialists Pc, Munster, USA.
Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA.
Cureus. 2020 Dec 21;12(12):e12204. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12204.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel humanized monoclonal antibodies that release the brakes on the immune system, resulting in the destruction of tumor cells. ICIs are approved for a variety of hematological and solid organ malignancies, and the list has been growing since the approval of ipilimumab in 2011. ICIs are associated with a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). irAEs commonly affect the skin, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and the endocrine system. Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to ICIs (ICI-AKI) occurs in a minority of patients, and it is usually due to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN). Treatment with corticosteroids is usually successful. There have been reports of electrolyte disorders due to ICIs, including hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and Fanconi syndrome. The diagnosis of electrolyte disorders requires vigilance and routine laboratory monitoring.
免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）是新型的人源化单克隆抗体，可解除免疫系统的制动机制，从而导致肿瘤细胞被破坏。ICIs已被批准用于多种血液系统和实体器官恶性肿瘤，自2011年伊匹单抗获批以来，这一名单一直在增加。ICIs与多种免疫相关不良事件（irAEs）相关。irAEs通常影响皮肤、胃肠道（GI）和内分泌系统。由ICIs引起的急性肾损伤（AKI）（ICI-AKI）在少数患者中发生，通常是由于急性肾小管间质性肾炎（ATIN）。使用皮质类固醇治疗通常是成功的。已有关于ICIs导致电解质紊乱的报道，包括低钠血症、低钙血症、低钾血症和范科尼综合征。电解质紊乱的诊断需要警惕并进行常规实验室监测。
