Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Global Health (AIGHD), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Jan 8;10:586751. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.586751. eCollection 2020.
Human rotavirus (HRV) is the leading worldwide cause of acute diarrhea-related death in children under the age of five. RV infects the small intestine, an important site of colonization by the microbiota, and studies over the past decade have begun to reveal a complex set of interactions between RV and the gut microbiota. RV infection can temporarily alter the composition of the gut microbiota and probiotic administration alleviates some symptoms of infection , suggesting reciprocal effects between the virus and the gut microbiota. While development of effective RV vaccines has offered significant protection against RV-associated mortality, vaccine effectiveness in low-income countries has been limited, potentially due to regional differences in the gut microbiota. In this mini review, we briefly detail research findings to date related to HRV vaccine cohorts, studies of natural infection, explorations of RV-microbiota interactions in gnotobiotic pig models, and highlight various and models that could be used in future studies to better define how the microbiota may regulate RV infection and host antiviral immune responses.
人类轮状病毒（HRV）是全球 5 岁以下儿童急性腹泻相关死亡的主要原因。RV 感染小肠，这是微生物定植的重要部位，过去十年的研究开始揭示 RV 与肠道微生物群之间存在一系列复杂的相互作用。RV 感染会暂时改变肠道微生物群的组成，益生菌的使用可减轻感染的一些症状，这表明病毒和肠道微生物群之间存在相互作用。虽然有效的 RV 疫苗的开发为预防 RV 相关死亡率提供了显著保护，但在低收入国家，疫苗的有效性受到限制，这可能是由于肠道微生物群在区域上存在差异。在这篇小型综述中，我们简要详细介绍了迄今为止与 HRV 疫苗队列相关的研究结果、自然感染研究、无菌猪模型中 RV-微生物群相互作用的探索，并强调了未来研究中可以使用的各种定植和感染模型，以更好地定义微生物群如何调节 RV 感染和宿主抗病毒免疫反应。
