Ramírez-Gil Joaquín Guillermo, Henao-Rojas Juan Camilo, Morales-Osorio Juan Gonzalo
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Agronomía, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación La Selva- Km 7, Ríonegro- Llanogrande, Colombia.
Heliyon. 2021 Jan 8;7(1):e05905. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05905. eCollection 2021 Jan.
Postharvest diseases and disorders are two of the most important parameters associated with the quality of avocado fruit. The aim of this study was to identify postharvest diseases and disorders in Hass avocado plots and to evaluate their relationships with different preharvest agronomical practices. This work was developed in 20 commercial plots of Hass avocado dedicated to production for national and export markets. The first part of this work was associated with the identification and characterization of diseases and disorders related with postharvest of avocado. In addition, it was determined the incidence of each disease and disorder based on simulation of postharvest scenarios for the national and export markets. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, it was possible to determine that the presence of each disease and disorder were related to crop management practices, soil and leaf and fruit nutrients levels. Most relevant postharvest disease and disorders were anthracnose, stem-end rot, chilling injury, and lenticel damage. Additionally, variables such as dry matter, plant pruning, and tissue concentration of Ca were related with some pathologies and disorders. This work presents an advance in the recognition of postharvest diseases and disorders in avocado under tropical conditions, besides determining the main edaphic and anthropogenic associated factors.
采后病害和生理失调是与鳄梨果实品质相关的两个最重要参数。本研究的目的是识别哈斯鳄梨种植园中的采后病害和生理失调，并评估它们与不同采前农艺措施的关系。这项工作在20个用于国内和出口市场生产的哈斯鳄梨商业种植园中开展。这项工作的第一部分涉及鳄梨采后相关病害和生理失调的识别与特征描述。此外，基于国内和出口市场采后情况的模拟，确定了每种病害和生理失调的发生率。使用多项逻辑回归模型，可以确定每种病害和生理失调的存在与作物管理措施、土壤以及叶片和果实养分水平有关。最相关的采后病害和生理失调是炭疽病、蒂腐病、冷害和皮孔损伤。此外，干物质、植株修剪和钙的组织浓度等变量与一些病害和生理失调有关。这项工作除了确定主要的土壤和人为相关因素外，还在热带条件下鳄梨采后病害和生理失调的识别方面取得了进展。
