Tissue Viability Team, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England.
Nurs Stand. 2021 Feb 3;36(2):61-66. doi: 10.7748/ns.2021.e11674. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
Pressure ulcers are painful, costly and can negatively affect a patient's quality of life. It has long been recognised that they increase the risk of infection, prolong hospital stays and can result in death. To prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers, nurses need to understand what a pressure ulcer is and the underlying factors that cause them. Furthermore, it is essential that they recognise why some people are more susceptible to pressure and shear forces than others, so that preventable factors can be addressed. Nursing care to prevent pressure ulcers needs to be planned, implemented and evaluated in a systematic manner following an assessment of the patient and their circumstances. The 'aSSKINg' (assess risk; skin assessment and skin care; surface; keep moving; incontinence and moisture; nutrition and hydration; and giving information or getting help) model ensures all fundamental aspects of pressure ulcer prevention are included in patient care. This article outlines the definitions and causes of pressure ulcers, and explains how nurses can assess, plan, implement and evaluate pressure ulcer preventative care using the aSSKINg model as a guide.
压疮是一种痛苦的疾病，不仅耗费巨大，还会严重影响患者的生活质量。长期以来，人们一直认识到压疮会增加感染风险、延长住院时间，并可能导致死亡。为了预防压疮的发生，护士需要了解什么是压疮以及导致压疮的潜在因素。此外，了解为什么有些人比其他人更容易受到压力和剪切力的影响至关重要，这样才能解决可预防的因素。预防压疮的护理需要在对患者及其情况进行评估后，以系统的方式进行计划、实施和评估。“aSSKINg”（评估风险；皮肤评估和皮肤护理；表面；保持移动；失禁和潮湿；营养和水合；以及提供信息或寻求帮助）模型确保了患者护理中包含预防压疮的所有基本方面。本文概述了压疮的定义和原因，并解释了护士如何使用“aSSKINg”模型评估、计划、实施和评估压疮预防护理。
