Gonçalves Joanna M, Bebianno Maria João
Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139, Faro, Portugal.
Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139, Faro, Portugal.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Mar 15;273:116426. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116426. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
Emerging contaminants, such as nanoplastics, are gaining a vast interest within the scientific community. Most of the plastic debris found in the marine environment originates from land-based sources, and once in the marine environment, plastic can be degraded into smaller fragments. Nanoplastics are considered to fall within the definition of other nanoparticles (1-100 nm in size) and may be divided into primary or secondary nanoplastics. Primary nanoplastics are those that enter the environment in their original small size associated with specific applications and consumer products, whilst secondary nanoplastics are a consequence of macro/microplastic degradation. The formation of nanoplastics changes the physical-chemical characteristics of the particle, thus at a nanoscale, it is expected that the strength, conductivity, and reactivity of the nanoparticles will differ substantially from macro/micro-sized particles. To date, the toxicity nanoplastics may pursue on marine biota is still scarce. Herein, a review of the available data on the effects of different polymer types of nanoplastics specific to marine biota is accounted for.
新兴污染物，如纳米塑料，正引起科学界的广泛关注。在海洋环境中发现的大多数塑料碎片都来自陆源，一旦进入海洋环境，塑料就会降解成更小的碎片。纳米塑料被认为属于其他纳米颗粒（尺寸为1-100纳米）的范畴，可分为原生或次生纳米塑料。原生纳米塑料是那些以其原始的小尺寸进入环境的，与特定应用和消费品相关，而次生纳米塑料则是宏观/微塑料降解的结果。纳米塑料的形成改变了颗粒的物理化学特性，因此在纳米尺度上，预计纳米颗粒的强度、导电性和反应性将与宏观/微尺寸颗粒有很大不同。迄今为止，纳米塑料对海洋生物群可能产生的毒性仍然缺乏相关研究。在此，对不同聚合物类型的纳米塑料对海洋生物群影响的现有数据进行了综述。
