Łukasik Adam, Szuszkiewicz Marcin, Wanic Tomasz, Gruba Piotr
Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Skłodowskiej-Curie St., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland.
Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Cracow, Poland.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Mar 15;273:116491. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116491. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
Soil magnetic susceptibility (MS) is an important parameter in pollution studies owing to its relationship with atmospheric deposition, and the concomitance of technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs) with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), Fe and Mn. In this study, we performed a detailed soil study under tree canopies for a forest area with high historical TMP-bearing industrial dust deposition. The technogenic sources of magnetic signals in topsoil were analyzed via scanning electron microscope electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), while the minor role of geogenic sources was obtained from soil profile analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show soil TMP distribution in three dimensional (3D) space. In addition, using the data from 275 soil cores and 8250 individual measurements, 3D maps of MS for four tree species were plotted. There is a noticeable difference between coniferous (spruce and pine) and deciduous (beech and oak) species regarding depth of maximum concentration of magnetic particles in the topsoil. For beech and oak, maximum MS values were measured at 3 cm depth; pine and spruce, maximum MS values were measured at 5 cm depth. However, no significant differences were found among tree species in terms of mean MS or PTE contents. This suggests that there is little different among tree species in terms of dust capture over their life span. Significant correlations between MS and other parameters (PTEs and organic matter contents) present new possibilities for spatial 3D analysis of topsoil horizons.
土壤磁化率（MS）在污染研究中是一个重要参数，因为它与大气沉降以及技术成因磁性颗粒（TMPs）与潜在有毒元素（PTEs）、铁和锰的伴生有关。在本研究中，我们对一个历史上有高含TMP工业粉尘沉降的林区树冠下的土壤进行了详细研究。通过扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪（SEM/EDS）分析了表层土壤中磁性信号的技术成因来源，而从土壤剖面分析得出了地质成因来源的次要作用。据我们所知，这是第一项展示土壤TMP在三维（3D）空间中分布的研究。此外，利用来自275个土壤芯样和8250次单独测量的数据，绘制了四种树种的MS三维地图。在表层土壤中磁性颗粒最大浓度深度方面，针叶树（云杉和松树）和落叶树（山毛榉和橡树）之间存在明显差异。对于山毛榉和橡树，最大MS值在3厘米深度处测得；对于松树和云杉，最大MS值在5厘米深度处测得。然而，在树种之间，平均MS或PTE含量方面未发现显著差异。这表明在其生命周期内，树种在捕获灰尘方面差异不大。MS与其他参数（PTEs和有机质含量）之间的显著相关性为表层土壤层的空间3D分析提供了新的可能性。
