Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
Psychol Res. 2022 Feb;86(1):141-149. doi: 10.1007/s00426-021-01475-9. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
Attentional focus research consistently demonstrates a benefit of an external focus relative to an internal focus. However, this dichotomous comparison may oversimplify the variety of attentional focus strategies a learner uses when acquiring a motor skill. Recent research suggests a holistic focus of attention provides a similar benefit over an internal focus in performing a standing long jump, but the generalizability of this effect is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how an internal (IF), external (EF), and holistic focus (HF) and control condition impact the learning of a badminton short serve. Novice participants (N = 60) were randomly assigned to IF, EF, HF, or control groups. They practiced the badminton short serve for 150 trials over 5 days and completed retention and transfer tests 48-h post-acquisition. Serve accuracy was analyzed in separate repeated-measures ANOVAs for acquisition and pretest/retention/transfer. All groups improved accuracy through acquisition with the HF group serving more accurately than the IF and control groups. In retention, the HF and EF group served more accurately than the control group, and in transfer, the HF group was more accurate than the IF and control groups. The present findings suggest a benefit of both a holistic and external focus in the learning of an accuracy-based task.
注意焦点研究一致表明，相对于内部焦点，外部焦点具有优势。然而，这种二分法比较可能过于简化了学习者在获得运动技能时使用的各种注意焦点策略。最近的研究表明，在进行立定跳远时，整体注意焦点相对于内部焦点提供了类似的优势，但这种效果的普遍性尚不清楚。本研究的目的是确定内部焦点（IF）、外部焦点（EF）和整体焦点（HF）以及控制条件如何影响羽毛球短发球的学习。新手参与者（N=60）被随机分配到 IF、EF、HF 或对照组。他们在 5 天内练习羽毛球短发球 150 次，并在获得后 48 小时完成保留和转移测试。在获取和预测试/保留/转移中，使用单独的重复测量 ANOVA 分析发球准确性。所有组在获取过程中都提高了准确性，HF 组比 IF 组和对照组发球更准确。在保留中，HF 和 EF 组比对照组发球更准确，在转移中，HF 组比 IF 组和对照组发球更准确。本研究结果表明，在基于准确性的任务学习中，整体焦点和外部焦点都具有优势。
