DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Dipartimento Scienze Statistiche, Faculty: Ingegneria Dell'informazione, Informatica e Statistica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 20;18(3):886. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030886.
The social determinants of health influence both psychosocial risks and protective factors, especially in high-demanding contexts, such as the mobility of drivers and non-drivers. Recent evidence suggests that exploring socioeconomic status (SES), health and lifestyle-related factors might contribute to a better understanding of road traffic crashes (RTCs). Thus, the aim of this study was to construct indices for the assessment of crash rates and mobility patterns among young Colombians who live in the central region of the country. The specific objectives were developing SES, health and lifestyle indices, and assessing the self-reported RTCs and mobility features depending on these indices. A sample of 561 subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. Through a reduction approach of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), three indices were constructed. Mean and frequency differences were contrasted for the self-reported mobility, crash rates, age, and gender. As a result, SES, health and lifestyle indices explained between 56.3-67.9% of the total variance. Drivers and pedestrians who suffered crashes had higher SES. A healthier lifestyle is associated with cycling, but also with suffering more bike crashes; drivers and those reporting traffic crashes have shown greater psychosocial and lifestyle-related risk factors. Regarding gender differences, men are more likely to engage in road activities, as well as to suffer more RTCs. On the other hand, women present lower healthy lifestyle-related indices and a less active implication in mobility. Protective factors such as a high SES and a healthier lifestyle are associated with RTCs suffered by young Colombian road users. Given the differences found in this regard, a gender perspective for understanding RTCs and mobility is highly suggestible, considering that socio-economic gaps seem to differentially affect mobility and crash-related patterns.
健康的社会决定因素影响心理社会风险和保护因素，尤其是在高要求的环境中，例如驾驶员和非驾驶员的流动性。最近的证据表明，探索社会经济地位（SES）、健康和与生活方式相关的因素可能有助于更好地理解道路交通碰撞（RTC）。因此，本研究的目的是构建评估居住在该国中部地区的年轻哥伦比亚人碰撞率和流动模式的指数。具体目标是制定 SES、健康和生活方式指数，并根据这些指数评估自我报告的 RTC 和流动特征。本研究共纳入了 561 名参与者。通过主成分分析（PCA）的降维方法，构建了三个指数。根据这些指数，对比了自我报告的流动性、碰撞率、年龄和性别差异。结果，SES、健康和生活方式指数解释了总方差的 56.3-67.9%。遭受碰撞的司机和行人 SES 较高。更健康的生活方式与骑自行车有关，但也与更多的自行车碰撞有关；报告交通碰撞的司机和行人表现出更多的心理社会和生活方式相关风险因素。关于性别差异，男性更有可能参与道路活动，也更有可能遭受更多的 RTC。另一方面，女性的健康生活方式相关指数较低，参与流动的积极性也较低。高 SES 和更健康的生活方式等保护因素与年轻哥伦比亚道路使用者遭受的 RTC 有关。鉴于在这方面发现的差异，考虑到社会经济差距似乎对流动和与碰撞相关的模式产生不同的影响，从性别角度理解 RTC 和流动是非常值得推荐的。
