School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China.
School of Business, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213000, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 23;18(3):995. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030995.
(1) Background: Public satisfaction with the health system is a very important comprehensive indicator. Given the limited healthcare resources in a society, it is always important for policymakers to have full information about the priority and the ranking order of the factors of healthcare resources for improving public satisfaction. (2) Methods: Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is advantageous for satisfaction analysis because satisfaction is a "grey concept" of "having a clear boundary but vague connotation". The data were from the CGSS and the China Health Statistics Yearbook (2013 and 2015), with a total of 15,969 samples (average satisfaction score = 68.5, age = 51.9, female = 49.4%). (3) Results: The government's percentage of total expenditure on healthcare was ranked as the most important factor for public satisfaction with the health system in China in both 2013 and 2015. The second most important factor changed from "Out-of-pocket percentage of individuals" in 2013 to "Hospital beds per thousand populations" in 2015. Meanwhile, "Healthcare workforce per thousand populations" increased from the least important factor in 2013 to the 3rd in 2015. Disparities in the ranking orders of the factors among regions of China were identified too. (4) Conclusions: The analysis results suggest that during recent years the priority of Chinese residents' healthcare satisfaction for healthcare resources has shifted on the national level from economic affordability to more intensive "people-centered" services, while the regional disparities and gaps need to receive more attention and be further improved in the healthcare reform of next round.
(1) 背景：公众对医疗体系的满意度是一个非常重要的综合指标。鉴于社会的医疗资源有限，政策制定者始终需要充分了解医疗资源优先事项和排名顺序，以提高公众满意度。(2) 方法：灰色关联分析（GRA）在满意度分析方面具有优势，因为满意度是“具有明确边界但模糊内涵的‘灰色概念’”。数据来自 CGSS 和《中国卫生统计年鉴》（2013 年和 2015 年），共有 15969 个样本（平均满意度得分=68.5，年龄=51.9，女性=49.4%）。(3) 结果：政府在医疗保健总支出中所占的百分比被评为中国 2013 年和 2015 年公众对医疗体系满意度的最重要因素。第二个最重要的因素从 2013 年的“个人自付比例”变为 2015 年的“千人口病床数”。同时，“每千人口医疗保健工作者人数”从 2013 年最不重要的因素上升到 2015 年的第 3 位。中国各地区因素排名顺序也存在差异。(4) 结论：分析结果表明，近年来，中国居民对医疗资源的医疗保健满意度的优先事项已从国家层面从经济承受能力向更加密集的“以人为本”服务转变，而区域差异和差距需要在新一轮医疗改革中得到更多关注和进一步改善。
