Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Cells. 2021 Jan 22;10(2):216. doi: 10.3390/cells10020216.
Adipokines are adipose tissue-derived factors not only playing an important role in metabolism but also influencing other central processes of the body, such as inflammation. In autoimmune diseases, adipokines are involved in inflammatory pathways affecting different cell types. Many rheumatic diseases belong to the group of autoimmune diseases, for example rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis. Due to the autoimmune responses, a chronic inflammatory milieu develops, which affects the whole body, including adipose tissue. Metabolic alterations such as obesity influence inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases. Adipokines are bioactive mediators mainly produced by adipose tissue. Due to alterations of systemic adipokine levels, their role as biomarkers with diagnostic potential has been suggested in the context of rheumatic diseases. In the affected joints of RA patients, different synoviocytes but also osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes produce several adipokines, contributing to the unique inflammatory microenvironment. Adipokines have been shown to be potent modulatory effectors on different cell types of the immune system but also local cells in synovial tissue, cartilage, and bone. This review highlights the most recent findings on the role of adipokines in the pathophysiology of inflammatory arthritis with a distinct focus on RA in the quickly developing research field.
脂联素是脂肪组织衍生的因子，不仅在代谢中发挥重要作用，还影响身体的其他中央过程，如炎症。在自身免疫性疾病中，脂联素参与影响不同细胞类型的炎症途径。许多风湿性疾病属于自身免疫性疾病，例如类风湿关节炎 (RA) 和银屑病关节炎。由于自身免疫反应，会发展出慢性炎症环境，影响包括脂肪组织在内的整个身体。代谢改变，如肥胖，会影响自身免疫性疾病中的炎症反应。脂联素是主要由脂肪组织产生的生物活性介质。由于系统脂联素水平的改变，它们作为具有诊断潜力的生物标志物的作用在风湿性疾病的背景下已被提出。在 RA 患者的受累关节中，不同的滑膜细胞，以及破骨细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞都会产生几种脂联素，有助于形成独特的炎症微环境。脂联素已被证明是对免疫系统的不同细胞类型以及滑膜组织、软骨和骨骼中的局部细胞具有强大的调节作用。这篇综述强调了脂联素在炎症性关节炎病理生理学中的最新发现，特别关注 RA 在这一快速发展的研究领域的作用。
