Wang Shanshan, Maxwell Christopher A, Akella Neha M
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.
Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jan 22;13(3):413. doi: 10.3390/cancers13030413.
Pediatric leukemias are the most prevalent cancers affecting children in developed societies, with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) being the most common subtype. As diet is a likely modulator of many diseases, this review focuses on the potential for diet to influence the incidence and progression of childhood ALL. In particular, the potential effect of diets on genome stability and immunity during the prenatal and postnatal stages of early childhood development are discussed. Maternal diet plays an integral role in shaping the bodily composition of the newborn, and thus may influence fetal genome stability and immune system development. Indeed, higher birth weights of newborns are associated with increased risk of ALL, which suggests in-utero biology may shape the evolution of preleukemic clones. Postnatally, the ingestion of maternal breastmilk both nourishes the infant, and provides essential components that strengthen and educate the developing immune system. Consistently, breast-feeding associates with decreased risk of ALL development. For children already suffering from ALL, certain dietary regimens have been proposed. These regimens, which have been validated in both animals and humans, alter the internal hormonal environment. Thus, hormonal regulation by diet may shape childhood metabolism and immunity in a manner that is detrimental to the evolution or expansion of preleukemic and leukemic ALL clones.
小儿白血病是发达社会中影响儿童的最常见癌症，儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）是最常见的亚型。由于饮食可能是许多疾病的调节因素，本综述重点关注饮食对儿童ALL发病率和进展的影响潜力。特别讨论了饮食在幼儿发育的产前和产后阶段对基因组稳定性和免疫的潜在影响。母亲的饮食在塑造新生儿的身体组成方面起着不可或缺的作用，因此可能影响胎儿的基因组稳定性和免疫系统发育。事实上，新生儿出生体重较高与ALL风险增加有关，这表明子宫内生物学可能影响白血病前期克隆的演变。出生后，摄入母乳既能滋养婴儿，又能提供增强和教育发育中免疫系统的必需成分。一致的是，母乳喂养与ALL发生风险降低有关。对于已经患有ALL的儿童，已经提出了某些饮食方案。这些方案已在动物和人类中得到验证，可改变体内激素环境。因此，饮食对激素的调节可能以不利于白血病前期和白血病ALL克隆的演变或扩展的方式塑造儿童代谢和免疫。
