德国老年护理需求人群的口腔健康相关生活质量、口腔状况及营养不良风险——一项横断面研究
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Oral Conditions, and Risk of Malnutrition in Older German People in Need of Care-A Cross-Sectional Study.
作者信息
Schmalz Gerhard, Denkler Clara Rosa, Kottmann Tanja, Rinke Sven, Ziebolz Dirk
机构信息
Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
出版信息
J Clin Med. 2021 Jan 22;10(3):426. doi: 10.3390/jcm10030426.
BACKGROUND
The present cross-sectional study assessed oral health, nutritional condition, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in older German people in need of care.
METHODS
The participants were recruited from eight nursing homes (including three nursing homes with assisted living) and one mobile nursing service. Oral health, including dental status (decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF-T), root caries), periodontal treatment needs, and prosthetic conditions, was recorded. Nutritional status was assessed using the screening of the "Mini Nutritional Assessment" (MNA). The OHRQoL was measured using the German short-form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G14) and summarized as a total sum score as well as the four dimensions "oral function", "psychosocial impact", "pain" and "orofacial appearance".
STATISTICS
Linear logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 151 participants (age: 84.17 ± 7.8 years) were included. Most participants (60.3%) were nursing home residents. Nearly half of the individuals (47%) were edentulous and 75.4% of the dentate subjects required periodontal treatment. A total of 115 of the subjects had at least one denture. According to the MNA screening, 107 (70.9%) older people were at risk of malnutrition or already suffered from malnutrition. The median OHIP-G14 sum score was 3 (mean 5.7 ± 7.67). Regression analysis revealed MNA to be influenced by DMF-T, D-T, M-T and OHIP G14 sum score and root caries (pi < 0.01). Within the regression model, missing teeth (β: -11.9, CI95: -6.4--1.9; < 0.01) were the strongest influential factor on MNA, followed by DMF-T (β: 5.1, CI95: 1.7-6.2; < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Older people in nursing settings show a high prevalence of oral diseases, risk of malnutrition and nearly unimpaired OHRQoL. Dental care should be fostered in these individuals, whereby OHRQoL might be a further hint for increased risk of malnutrition.
背景
本横断面研究评估了德国需要护理的老年人的口腔健康、营养状况以及与口腔健康相关的生活质量（OHRQoL）。
方法
参与者来自八家疗养院（包括三家提供辅助生活的疗养院）和一项流动护理服务。记录口腔健康状况，包括牙齿状况（龋失补牙数（DMF-T）、根龋）、牙周治疗需求和修复情况。使用“微型营养评定法”（MNA）筛查评估营养状况。使用德国版简化口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-G14）测量OHRQoL，并汇总为总分以及“口腔功能”“心理社会影响”“疼痛”和“口面部外观”四个维度的得分。
统计分析
线性逻辑回归分析。
结果
共纳入151名参与者（年龄：84.17±7.8岁）。大多数参与者（60.3%）是疗养院居民。近一半的人（47%）无牙，75.4%的有牙受试者需要进行牙周治疗。共有115名受试者至少有一副假牙。根据MNA筛查，107名（70.9%）老年人存在营养不良风险或已患有营养不良。OHIP-G14总分中位数为3（平均5.7±7.67）。回归分析显示，MNA受DMF-T、D-T、M-T、OHIP G14总分和根龋的影响（p<0.01）。在回归模型中，缺牙（β：-11.9，95%置信区间：-6.4--1.9；p<0.01）是对MNA影响最大的因素，其次是DMF-T（β：5.1，95%置信区间：1.7-6.2；p<0.01）。
结论
疗养院中的老年人口腔疾病患病率高、存在营养不良风险且OHRQoL几乎未受影响。应加强对这些人的口腔护理，其中OHRQoL可能是营养不良风险增加的另一个提示。
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