Bustami Mona, Matalka Khalid Z, Elyyan Yousef, Hussein Nagham, Hussein Nour, Abu Safieh Nayef, Thekrallah Fida, Mallah Eyad, Abu-Qatouseh Luay, Arafat Tawfiq
Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan.
Matalka's Scientific Writing, Lexington, MA, USA.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021 Jan 19;14:199-207. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S289851. eCollection 2021.
The aim of this study was to assess factors related to the onset of premature/early natural menopause among Jordanian women.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in early 2016. Subjects were enrolled based on random drop-off technique to the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics at the Jordan University Hospital. Women 18 years of age and above were initially eligible to enroll, and women who had surgically induced menopause or specific disease were excluded from the analysis. Relevant data were collected using a questionnaire that included 30 questions. The following variables were collected: socio-demographic, body mass index, chronic conditions, diseases, reproductive characteristics, and health status. Hormone indicators of menopause were tested by measuring estrogen (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Age at natural menopause (ANM) was self-reported retrospectively and considered an independent variable against BMI, smoking, hormone therapy, and concomitant diseases. Association analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the associated factors of ANM with adjusted odds ratios (ORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.
A total of 409 women were included in the analysis, aged between 20-75 years. The mean ANM in our sample was 48.5±5.0, with 2.7% of the women experienced premature menopause (ANM <40) and 7.8% early menopause (ANM 40-44). Within the menopause women (n=242), the percentage of women who had premature menopause was 4.5%, 13.6% with early menopause, and 21.1% with late menopause (ANM >52). Smoking was the major risk factor for premature/early menopausal age among Jordanian women with an OR of 2.46 (95% CI: 1.08-5.59, p<0.05). On the other hand, women with occasional arthritis symptoms and diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and their combination were associated with average (45-52 years) or late menopause (>52 years).
Smoking is the main contributor of premature/early menopause in Jordanian women. Increased awareness and public health policy about the adverse effects of smoking on women's reproductive health are needed.
本研究旨在评估约旦女性过早/自然绝经早期发病的相关因素。
2016年初进行了一项横断面研究。采用随机拦截技术在约旦大学医院妇产科诊所招募研究对象。最初纳入18岁及以上的女性，排除手术导致绝经或患有特定疾病的女性。使用包含30个问题的问卷收集相关数据。收集了以下变量：社会人口统计学、体重指数、慢性病、疾病、生殖特征和健康状况。通过测量雌激素（E2）和促卵泡激素（FSH）水平来检测绝经的激素指标。自然绝经年龄（ANM）通过回顾性自我报告获得，并作为与体重指数、吸烟、激素治疗和伴发疾病相关的自变量。采用关联分析和多项逻辑回归来检验ANM的相关因素，并报告调整后的优势比（OR）及其95%置信区间（CI）。
共有409名女性纳入分析，年龄在20 - 75岁之间。我们样本中的平均ANM为48.5±5.0，2.7%的女性经历过早绝经（ANM<40），7.8%经历自然绝经早期（ANM 40 - 44）。在绝经女性（n = 242）中，过早绝经的女性比例为4.5%，自然绝经早期的为13.6%，自然绝经晚期的为21.1%（ANM>52）。吸烟是约旦女性过早/自然绝经早期的主要危险因素，OR为2.46（95%CI：1.08 - 5.59，p<0.05）。另一方面，偶尔有关节炎症状以及患有高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常及其组合等疾病的女性与平均绝经年龄（45 - 52岁）或绝经晚期（>52岁）相关。
吸烟是约旦女性过早/自然绝经早期的主要促成因素。需要提高对吸烟对女性生殖健康不利影响的认识并制定公共卫生政策。
