School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan, China.
Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Jan 27;193(2):89. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-08870-0.
This study assessed potential human health hazards posed by drinking water from centralized water supply systems in rural You County, along with its spatial distribution. While most previous studies have focused on source water or urban drinking water, this study evaluated the health risk posed by 20 common pollutants (arsenic, cadmium, chromium(VI), lead, mercury, selenium, cyanide, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, chlorite, aluminum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, ammonia nitrogen, chlorine dioxide, and volatile phenols) in rural terminal tap water. The assessment adopted the model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and was combined with the geographic information system (GIS) analysis to explore the spatial distribution of risk factors. Water samples were collected from 13 townships in You County across four quarters of 2019. The results indicated that the average carcinogenic risk of the rural drinking water was 2.45 × 10, ranging from 1.80 × 10 to 3.89 × 10, which never exceeded the maximum acceptable range recommended by the US EPA (1.0 × 10 ~ 1.0 × 10). The average hazard index (HI), which reflects noncarcinogenic risk levels, was 0.75 and ranged from 0.34 to 1.74. Throughout the year, some townships presented HI > 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk. The GIS analysis indicated that noncarcinogenic risks were mainly distributed in the north, followed by the east and west. This is generally consistent with the spatial distribution of chlorite concentrations, which contribute most strongly to noncarcinogenic risk levels. The northern You County should therefore be prioritized for health risk control, followed by the eastern and western regions. Chlorite is the priority pollutant for control.
本研究评估了尤县农村集中供水系统饮用水对人体健康的潜在危害及其空间分布。虽然之前的大多数研究都集中在水源或城市饮用水上，但本研究评估了 20 种常见污染物（砷、镉、六价铬、铅、汞、硒、氰化物、氟化物、硝酸盐氮、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、亚氯酸盐、铝、铁、锰、铜、锌、氨氮、二氧化氯和挥发性酚）对农村末梢水中健康的风险。该评估采用了美国环境保护署（EPA）推荐的模型，并结合地理信息系统（GIS）分析，以探讨风险因素的空间分布。水样采集自 2019 年四个季度尤县的 13 个乡镇。结果表明，农村饮用水的致癌风险平均为 2.45×10-6，范围为 1.80×10-6至 3.89×10-6，从未超过美国 EPA 推荐的最大可接受范围（1.0×10-6至 1.0×10-6）。反映非致癌风险水平的平均危害指数（HI）为 0.75，范围为 0.34 至 1.74。全年，一些乡镇的 HI>1，表明存在非致癌风险。GIS 分析表明，非致癌风险主要分布在北部，其次是东部和西部。这与亚氯酸盐浓度的空间分布基本一致，后者对非致癌风险水平的贡献最大。因此，北部尤县应优先进行健康风险控制，其次是东部和西部。亚氯酸盐是控制的优先污染物。
