Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021 May 1;320(5):L661-L679. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00520.2020. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), or e-cigarettes, are emerging tobacco products that produce aerosols by heating e-liquids, which most often consist of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin along with various flavoring compounds, bypassing the combustion that occurs in the use of traditional tobacco cigarettes. These products have seen a drastic increase in popularity in recent years both as smoking cessation devices as well as among younger generations, due in large part to the widespread perception among consumers that e-cigs are significantly less harmful to health than traditional tobacco cigarettes. Due to the novelty of ENDS as well as their rapidly increasing use, research into biomarkers of e-cig exposure and toxicity have lagged behind their popularity, leaving important questions about their potential toxicity unanswered. Research into potential biomarkers of acute and chronic e-cig use, and e-cigarette- or vaping-associated lung injury is necessary for informing both clinical and regulatory decision-making. We aim to provide an updated review of recent research into potential circulating, genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic biomarkers of exposure to and toxicity of e-cigs. We additionally highlight research areas that warrant additional study to gain a better understanding of health risks associated with ENDS use, as well as to provide validation of existing data and methods for measuring and analyzing e-cig-associated biomarkers in human and animal biofluids, tissues, and cells. This review also highlights ongoing efforts within the WNY Center for Research on Flavored Tobacco for research into novel biomarkers in extracellular vesicles that may be associated with short- and long-term ENDS use.
电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS），又称电子烟，是新兴的烟草产品，通过加热含有丙二醇和植物甘油以及各种调味化合物的电子烟液来产生气溶胶，从而绕过传统烟草卷烟使用过程中的燃烧。近年来，这些产品在戒烟装置以及年轻一代中越来越受欢迎，这在很大程度上是因为消费者普遍认为电子烟对健康的危害明显小于传统烟草卷烟。由于 ENDS 的新颖性及其使用的快速增加，电子烟暴露和毒性的生物标志物研究落后于其普及程度，对其潜在毒性的许多重要问题仍未得到解答。对急性和慢性电子烟使用以及电子烟或蒸气相关肺损伤的潜在生物标志物的研究对于为临床和监管决策提供信息是必要的。我们旨在提供对电子烟暴露和毒性的潜在循环、基因组、转录组和表观遗传生物标志物的最新研究的综述。我们还强调了需要进一步研究的研究领域，以更好地了解与使用 ENDS 相关的健康风险，并验证现有的数据和方法，以测量和分析人类和动物生物流体、组织和细胞中的电子烟相关生物标志物。本综述还强调了 WNY 调味烟草研究中心在细胞外囊泡中新型生物标志物方面的持续努力，这些生物标志物可能与短期和长期使用 ENDS 有关。
