Carroll Dana Mowls, Wagener Theodore L, Peck Jennifer D, Brame Lacy S, Thompson David M, Stephens Lancer D, Campbell Janis E, Beebe Laura A
Dana Mowls Carroll, Postdoctoral Fellow, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Theodore L. Wagener, Associate Director for Training, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Jennifer D. Peck, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lacy S. Brame, Medical Student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK. David M. Thompson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lancer D. Stephens, Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, Oklahoma City, OK. Janis E. Campbell, Associate Professor of Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Laura A. Beebe, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
Tob Regul Sci. 2018 Mar;4(2):3-15. doi: 10.18001/TRS.4.2.1.
We measured biomarkers of exposure among American Indian (AI) ENDS users, smokers, and dual users.
Urine was analyzed for total nicotine equivalents (TNE) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol(NNAL). Expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) was collected. Two analyses were performed. "CO analysis" included smokers and dual users whose CO was ≥ 6 ppm and ENDS users whose CO was < 6 ppm. "NNAL analysis" included smokers and dual users whose NNAL was ≥ 47.3 pg/mg, and ENDS users whose NNAL was < 47.3 pg/mg. Biomarkers were summarized by geometric means (GM) and compared with nonparametric tests.
In both analyses, TNE was no different across the groups, and NNAL and CO were lower in ENDS users. In the NNAL analysis the GM of NNAL was 261.4, 6.1, and 228.0 pg/mg among smokers, ENDS users, and dual users (p < .001). Also in the NNAL analysis, the GM of CO was 14.7, 2.4, and 16.8 ppm among smokers, ENDS users, and dual users (p < .001).
ENDS users did not differ in nicotine and had lower exposure to a lung carcinogen and a cardiovascular toxicant than smokers or dual users. Dual users and smokers did not differ in biomarker levels. Results should be used to inform tribal regulations and to educate the AI community on ENDS.
我们测量了美国印第安电子烟使用者、吸烟者和双重使用者的接触生物标志物。
对尿液进行总尼古丁当量（TNE）和4-（甲基亚硝胺基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇（NNAL）分析。收集呼出气体中的一氧化碳（CO）。进行了两项分析。“CO分析”包括CO≥6 ppm的吸烟者和双重使用者以及CO<6 ppm的电子烟使用者。“NNAL分析”包括NNAL≥47.3 pg/mg的吸烟者和双重使用者以及NNAL<47.3 pg/mg的电子烟使用者。生物标志物通过几何均数（GM）进行总结，并采用非参数检验进行比较。
在两项分析中，各组之间TNE无差异，电子烟使用者的NNAL和CO较低。在NNAL分析中，吸烟者、电子烟使用者和双重使用者的NNAL几何均数分别为261.4、6.1和228.0 pg/mg（p<.001）。同样在NNAL分析中，吸烟者、电子烟使用者和双重使用者的CO几何均数分别为14.7、2.4和16.8 ppm（p<.001）。
电子烟使用者在尼古丁方面无差异，与吸烟者或双重使用者相比，其接触肺癌致癌物和心血管毒物的水平较低。双重使用者和吸烟者的生物标志物水平无差异。研究结果应用于为部落法规提供信息，并就电子烟对美国印第安社区进行教育。
