Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
J Endocrinol. 2021 Apr;249(1):R1-R23. doi: 10.1530/JOE-20-0499.
The gut microbiota is now widely recognized as an important factor contributing to the regulation of host metabolic functions. Numerous studies describe an imbalance in the gut microbial ecosystem in response to an energy-dense diet that drives the development of metabolic disorders. In this context, the manipulation of the gut microbiota by food components acting as prebiotics appears as a promising strategy. Several studies have already investigated the beneficial potency of prebiotics, mostly inulin-type fructans, on host metabolism and key intestinal functions including gut hormone release. For the last 20 years, several non-digestible compounds present in food have been shown to modulate the gut microbiota and influence host metabolism in essential organs involved in the control of energy homeostasis. To date, numerous reviews summarize the impact of prebiotics on the liver or the brain. Here we propose to describe the mechanisms by which prebiotics, through modulation of the gut microbiota and endocrine functions, modulates the metabolic cross-talk communication between the gut, the adipose tissue and skeletal muscles.
肠道微生物群现在被广泛认为是调节宿主代谢功能的重要因素。大量研究表明，肠道微生物生态系统的失衡会对高热量饮食产生反应，从而导致代谢紊乱的发生。在这种情况下，通过充当益生元的食物成分来操纵肠道微生物群似乎是一种很有前途的策略。已经有几项研究调查了益生元（主要是菊粉型果聚糖）对宿主代谢和关键肠道功能（包括肠道激素释放）的有益作用。在过去的 20 年中，人们已经发现食物中存在的几种不可消化的化合物可以调节肠道微生物群，并影响参与能量平衡控制的关键器官中的宿主代谢。迄今为止，许多综述总结了益生元对肝脏或大脑的影响。在这里，我们提出描述通过调节肠道微生物群和内分泌功能，益生元调节肠道、脂肪组织和骨骼肌之间代谢交叉对话通讯的机制。
