Shukla Pushp Sheel, Borza Tudor, Critchley Alan T, Prithiviraj Balakrishnan
Marine Bio-Products Research Laboratory, Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N5E3, Canada.
Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS B1M1A2, Canada.
Mar Drugs. 2021 Jan 25;19(2):59. doi: 10.3390/md19020059.
Sustainable agricultural practices increasingly demand novel, environmentally friendly compounds which induce plant immunity against pathogens. Stimulating plant immunity using seaweed extracts is a highly viable strategy, as these formulations contain many bio-elicitors (phyco-elicitors) which can significantly boost natural plant immunity. Certain bioactive elicitors present in a multitude of extracts of seaweeds (both commercially available and bench-scale laboratory formulations) activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) due to their structural similarity (i.e., analogous structure) with pathogen-derived molecules. This is achieved via the priming and/or elicitation of the defense responses of the induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathways. Knowledge accumulated over the past few decades is reviewed here, aiming to explain why certain seaweed-derived bioactives have such tremendous potential to elicit plant defense responses with considerable economic significance, particularly with increasing biotic stress impacts due to climate change and the concomitant move to sustainable agriculture and away from synthetic chemistry and environmental damage. Various extracts of seaweeds display remarkably different modes of action(s) which can manipulate the plant defense responses when applied. This review focuses on both the similarities and differences amongst the modes of actions of several different seaweed extracts, as well as their individual components. Novel biotechnological approaches for the development of new commercial products for crop protection, in a sustainable manner, are also suggested.
可持续农业实践对新型环保化合物的需求日益增加，这些化合物可诱导植物对病原体产生免疫。使用海藻提取物刺激植物免疫是一种非常可行的策略，因为这些制剂含有许多生物激发子（藻激发子），可显著增强植物的天然免疫力。由于某些海藻提取物（包括市售和实验室规模的制剂）中存在的特定生物活性激发子与病原体衍生分子具有结构相似性（即类似结构），因此它们可激活病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）。这是通过诱导系统抗性（ISR）和系统获得性抗性（SAR）途径的防御反应的启动和/或激发来实现的。本文综述了过去几十年积累的知识，旨在解释为什么某些海藻衍生的生物活性物质具有如此巨大的潜力来引发具有重要经济意义的植物防御反应，特别是在气候变化导致生物胁迫影响增加以及随之而来的向可持续农业转变、远离合成化学和环境破坏的情况下。各种海藻提取物在应用时表现出显著不同的作用模式，这些模式可以操纵植物的防御反应。本综述重点关注几种不同海藻提取物的作用模式及其各个成分之间的异同。还提出了以可持续方式开发用于作物保护的新商业产品的新型生物技术方法。
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