Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P. O. Box MA 128, Ho, Ghana.
Mediators Inflamm. 2021 Jan 7;2021:6699560. doi: 10.1155/2021/6699560. eCollection 2021.
Licorice extract is a Chinese herbal medication most often used as a demulcent or elixir. The extract usually consists of many components but the key ingredients are glycyrrhizic (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). GL and GA function as potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor agents, and immuneregulators. GL and GA have potent activities against hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus, influenza A, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, vaccinia virus, and arboviruses. Also, GA was observed to be of therapeutic valve in human enterovirus 71, which was recognized as the utmost regular virus responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of GL and GA is realized via cytokines like interferon-, tumor necrotizing factor-, interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-17. They also modulate anti-inflammatory mechanisms like intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and P-selectin, enzymes like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappa B, signal transducer and activator of transcription- (STAT-) 3, and STAT-6. Furthermore, DCs treated with GL were capable of influencing T-cell differentiation toward Th1 subset. Moreover, GA is capable of blocking prostaglandin-E2 synthesis via blockade of cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 resulting in concurrent augmentation nitric oxide production through the enhancement of iNOS2 mRNA secretion in Leishmania-infected macrophages. GA is capable of inhibiting toll-like receptors as well as high-mobility group box 1.
甘草提取物是一种中药，最常用于作为缓和剂或滋补剂。提取物通常由许多成分组成，但关键成分是甘草酸（GL）和甘草次酸（GA）。GL 和 GA 具有强大的抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节作用。GL 和 GA 对甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型、水疱性口炎病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、流感 A 型、严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、牛痘病毒和虫媒病毒具有强大的活性。此外，GA 被观察到对人类肠道病毒 71 具有治疗价值，肠道病毒 71 被认为是手足口病的主要病原体。GL 和 GA 的抗炎机制是通过干扰素-、肿瘤坏死因子-、白细胞介素-（IL-）1、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12 和 IL-17 等细胞因子实现的。它们还调节细胞间黏附分子 1 和 P 选择素等抗炎机制，诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）等酶，以及核因子-κB、信号转导和转录激活剂-（STAT-）3 和 STAT-6 等转录因子。此外，用 GL 处理的树突状细胞能够影响 T 细胞向 Th1 亚群的分化。此外，GA 能够通过阻断环氧合酶-（COX-）2 来阻止前列腺素 E2 的合成，从而通过增强 iNOS2 mRNA 在利什曼原虫感染的巨噬细胞中的分泌来同时增强一氧化氮的产生。GA 能够抑制 Toll 样受体和高迁移率族蛋白 1。
