García Felipe E, Villagrán Loreto, Ahumada María Constanza, Inzunza Nadia, Schuffeneger Katherine, Garabito Sandra
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicaciones, Universidad Santo Tomás, Concepción, Chile.
Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 11;11:617465. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617465. eCollection 2020.
Research has shown that experiences of discrimination cause harm to the health and well-being of people. In terms of the identity of members of a group, a positive evaluation of that group might involve devaluing the out-group as a way of raising the endo-group, causing discrimination toward the out-group. In the Chilean context, the Mapuche people have historically suffered discrimination and violations of their rights. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Collective Identity, perceived experiences of discrimination, psychological well-being and distress in the inhabitants of the Mapuche conflict zone according to their sense of belonging to their ethnic group (Mapuche, Mestizo, Caucasian). This descriptive, correlative, and cross-sectional study involved 200 participants, including 94 men (47%), and 106 women (53%), between the ages of 18 and 83 years old ( = 39.02; = 13.45), who had lived for at least 1 year in communities in the Araucanía Region. The sample was stratified according their sense of ethnic identity, including 30% Mapuche, 33.5% Caucasian, and 36.5% Mestizo. The results show that participants with a sense of Mapuche ethnicity experienced more instances of discrimination, had a greater sense of collective identity, and that they also supported the Mapuche social movement and its methods. Based on evidence that well-being is directly related to collective identity, the study undertook a regression analysis of emotional distress and the psychological well-being of participants. The interaction between experiences of discrimination and collective identity has a significant influence. Collective identity and experiences of discrimination in themselves as well as the interaction between them, predict psychological well-being. The results suggest that the importance of the Mapuche group's identity phenomena are related to a broad socio-historical context that leads them to identify themselves as a collective in conditions of inequality. This relationship between well-being and collective identity could be explained by their sense of cultural belonging, which can be a factor in protecting mental health.
研究表明，歧视经历会对人们的健康和幸福造成伤害。就一个群体成员的身份而言，对该群体的积极评价可能涉及贬低外群体，以此提升内群体地位，从而导致对外群体的歧视。在智利的背景下，马普切人历史上一直遭受歧视和权利侵犯。本研究的目的是根据马普切冲突地区居民对其族群（马普切、混血、高加索）的归属感，评估集体认同、感知到的歧视经历、心理健康和痛苦之间的关系。这项描述性、相关性和横断面研究涉及200名参与者，包括94名男性（47%）和106名女性（53%），年龄在18岁至83岁之间（平均年龄=39.02岁；标准差=13.45岁），他们在阿劳卡尼亚地区的社区居住至少1年。样本根据其族群认同感进行分层，包括30%的马普切人、33.5%的高加索人和36.5%的混血儿。结果表明，具有马普切族裔认同感的参与者经历了更多的歧视事件，具有更强的集体认同感，并且他们也支持马普切社会运动及其方式。基于幸福感与集体认同直接相关的证据，该研究对参与者的情绪困扰和心理健康进行了回归分析。歧视经历与集体认同之间的相互作用具有显著影响。集体认同、歧视经历本身以及它们之间的相互作用，都能预测心理健康。结果表明，马普切群体认同现象的重要性与广泛的社会历史背景有关，这种背景使他们在不平等的条件下将自己视为一个集体。幸福感与集体认同之间的这种关系可以用他们的文化归属感来解释，文化归属感可能是保护心理健康的一个因素。
