Goodier Martin R, Riley Eleanor M
Department of Infection Biology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK.
Institute of Immunology and Infection Research School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
Clin Transl Immunology. 2021 Jan 18;10(1):e1244. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1244. eCollection 2021.
Natural killer cells constitute a phenotypically diverse population of innate lymphoid cells with a broad functional spectrum. Classically defined as cytotoxic lymphocytes with the capacity to eliminate cells lacking self-MHC or expressing markers of stress or neoplastic transformation, critical roles for NK cells in immunity to infection in the regulation of immune responses and as vaccine-induced effector cells have also emerged. A crucial feature of NK cell biology is their capacity to integrate signals from pathogen-, tumor- or stress-induced innate pathways and from antigen-specific immune responses. The extent to which innate and acquired immune mediators influence NK cell effector function is influenced by the maturation and differentiation state of the NK cell compartment; moreover, NK cell differentiation is driven in part by exposure to infection. Pathogens can thus mould the NK cell response to maximise their own success and/or minimise the damage they cause. Here, we review recent evidence that pathogen- and vaccine-derived signals influence the differentiation, adaptation and subsequent effector function of human NK cells.
自然杀伤细胞构成了一群表型多样的固有淋巴细胞，具有广泛的功能谱。传统上，自然杀伤细胞被定义为具有细胞毒性的淋巴细胞，能够清除缺乏自身主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）或表达应激或肿瘤转化标志物的细胞，自然杀伤细胞在抗感染免疫、免疫反应调节以及作为疫苗诱导的效应细胞方面的关键作用也已显现。自然杀伤细胞生物学的一个关键特征是它们能够整合来自病原体、肿瘤或应激诱导的固有途径以及抗原特异性免疫反应的信号。固有免疫和获得性免疫介质影响自然杀伤细胞效应功能的程度受到自然杀伤细胞区室的成熟和分化状态的影响；此外，自然杀伤细胞的分化部分是由接触感染驱动的。病原体因此能够塑造自然杀伤细胞反应，以最大化自身的生存几率和/或最小化它们造成的损害。在这里，我们综述了最近的证据，即病原体和疫苗衍生的信号会影响人类自然杀伤细胞的分化、适应性及随后的效应功能。
