Ho Thi Len, Ahn So Yeon, Ko Eun-Ju
Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science Jeju National University Jeju Republic of Korea.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine Jeju National University Jeju Republic of Korea.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Aug 19;13(8):e70807. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70807. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Natural killer (NK) cells, which are key components of the innate immune response, are crucial for ensuring the efficacy of vaccines as they rapidly eliminate infected cells and enhance the adaptive immune response, ensuring robust and lasting protection. In this report, we investigated the effect of var. (CW) extract, a marine alga, in activating NK cells, as an adjuvant to inactivated A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 influenza vaccine (iPR8). In vitro, CW extract significantly enhanced the level of activation markers CD69 and CD107a on NK cells and triggered intracellular secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and granzyme B (GrB), indicating effective NK cell stimulation and cytotoxic function. In vivo, CW extract promoted substantial NK cell recruitment and activation, resulting in higher NK cell populations and elevated post-immunization levels of activation markers. Additionally, CW extract increased IFN-γ and GrB production in CD8 T cells, highlighting its broader impact on the immune response. We also found direct evidence that CW-activated NK cells and dendritic cells (DCs) interacted with and induced the activation of immature DCs and resting NK cells, respectively. These findings suggest that CW extract is a promising adjuvant for nasal vaccines, enhancing cellular immunity by activating NK cells and supporting interactions with DCs and CD8 T cells.
自然杀伤(NK)细胞是先天免疫反应的关键组成部分,对于确保疫苗的效力至关重要,因为它们能迅速清除受感染细胞并增强适应性免疫反应,从而确保强大而持久的保护。在本报告中,我们研究了一种海藻提取物var. (CW)作为灭活的A/波多黎各/8/34 H1N1流感疫苗(iPR8)的佐剂在激活NK细胞方面的作用。在体外,CW提取物显著提高了NK细胞上激活标志物CD69和CD107a的水平,并触发了干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和颗粒酶B(GrB)的细胞内分泌,表明NK细胞受到有效刺激并具有细胞毒性功能。在体内,CW提取物促进了大量NK细胞的募集和激活,导致更高的NK细胞数量以及免疫后激活标志物水平的升高。此外,CW提取物增加了CD8 T细胞中IFN-γ和GrB的产生,突出了其对免疫反应的更广泛影响。我们还发现了直接证据,即经CW激活的NK细胞和树突状细胞(DCs)分别与未成熟DCs和静息NK细胞相互作用并诱导其激活。这些发现表明,CW提取物是一种有前景的鼻用疫苗佐剂,通过激活NK细胞并支持与DCs和CD8 T细胞的相互作用来增强细胞免疫。