Gulzar Basit, Mujib Abdul, Rajam Manchikatla V, Zafar Nadia, Mamgain Jyoti, Malik Moien, Syeed Rukaya, Ejaz Bushra
Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India.
3 Biotech. 2021 Feb;11(2):86. doi: 10.1007/s13205-021-02649-3. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
Somatic embryogenesis is an important and wonderful biotechnological tool used to develop whole plant from a single or a group of somatic cells. The differentiated somatic cells become totipotent stem cells by drastic reprogramming of a wide range of cellular activities, leading to the acquisition of embryogenic competence. After acquiring competence, the cells pass through globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary stages of embryo; however, all advanced embryos do not convert into full plant, produce adventive embryos or callus instead, thus reverses the programming. This is a big limitation in propagation of many plants. Understanding and unraveling the proteins at this 'embryo to plantlet' transition stage will help to get more numbers of plants. Thus, our study was aimed at an identification of differentially abundant proteins between two important advanced stages, i.e. cotyledonary-(T1) and maturation stage (T2) of somatic embryos in . A total of 2949 and 3030 proteins were identified in cotyledonary and maturation stage, respectively. Of these, 1129 proteins were common to both. Several proteins were found to be differentially accumulated in two different embryo stages in which over 60 proteins were most accumulated during somatic embryo maturation time. More chlorophyll accumulation was noted at this time under the influence of gibberellic acid (GA). Proteins like Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase, chlorophyll a-b-binding protein, photosystem I iron-sulfur center, photosystem II Psb, photosystem II subunit P-1, P-II domain-containing protein, RuBisCO large chain, RuBisCO small chain, RuBisCO activase, RuBisCO large subunit-binding proteins were synthesized. Some of the identified proteins are linked to chlorophyll synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and stress. The identified proteins are categorized into different groups on the basis of their cellular location, role and other metabolic processes. Biochemical attributes like protein, sugar, proline, antioxidant enzyme (APX, SOD and CAT) activities were high in T2 as compared to T1. The proteins like peroxidases, pathogenesis-related proteins, the late-embryogenesis abundant proteins, argonaute, germin and others have been discussed in somatic embryo maturation process.
体细胞胚胎发生是一种重要且奇妙的生物技术工具，用于从单个或一组体细胞发育成完整植株。分化的体细胞通过对广泛细胞活动进行剧烈重编程，成为全能干细胞，从而获得胚胎发生能力。获得能力后，细胞会经历胚胎的球形、心形、鱼雷形和子叶形阶段；然而，并非所有发育后期的胚胎都能发育成完整植株，而是产生不定胚或愈伤组织，从而逆转了这种编程。这是许多植物繁殖中的一个重大限制。了解并解析这个“胚胎到幼苗”过渡阶段的蛋白质，将有助于获得更多数量的植株。因此，我们的研究旨在鉴定体细胞胚胎两个重要发育后期，即子叶期（T1）和成熟期（T2）之间差异丰富的蛋白质。在子叶期和成熟期分别鉴定出了2949种和3030种蛋白质。其中，有1129种蛋白质在两个阶段都存在。发现几种蛋白质在两个不同的胚胎阶段差异积累，其中60多种蛋白质在体细胞胚胎成熟阶段积累最多。在赤霉素（GA）的影响下，此时叶绿素积累更多。合成了诸如镁原卟啉IX螯合酶、叶绿素a - b结合蛋白、光系统I铁硫中心、光系统II Psb、光系统II亚基P - 1、含P - II结构域蛋白、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶大亚基、核酮糖-1,磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶小亚基、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶活化酶、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶大亚基结合蛋白等蛋白质。一些鉴定出的蛋白质与叶绿素合成、碳水化合物代谢和胁迫有关。鉴定出的蛋白质根据其细胞定位、作用和其他代谢过程被分类到不同组中。与T1相比，T2中的蛋白质、糖、脯氨酸、抗氧化酶（APX、SOD和CAT）活性等生化特性较高。在体细胞胚胎成熟过程中，对过氧化物酶类、病程相关蛋白、胚胎后期丰富蛋白、AGO蛋白、胚萌发素等蛋白质进行了讨论。
