Westman Johannes, Grinstein Sergio
Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jan 11;8:624958. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624958. eCollection 2020.
The ability of phagosomes to halt microbial growth is intimately linked to their ability to acidify their luminal pH. Establishment and maintenance of an acidic lumen requires precise co-ordination of H pumping and counter-ion permeation to offset the countervailing H leakage. Despite the best efforts of professional phagocytes, however, a number of specialized pathogens survive and even replicate inside phagosomes. In such instances, pathogens target the pH-regulatory machinery of the host cell in an effort to survive inside or escape from phagosomes. This review aims to describe how phagosomal pH is regulated during phagocytosis, why it varies in different types of professional phagocytes and the strategies developed by prototypical intracellular pathogens to manipulate phagosomal pH to survive, replicate, and eventually escape from the phagocyte.
吞噬体阻止微生物生长的能力与其酸化腔内pH值的能力密切相关。酸性内腔的建立和维持需要精确协调H⁺泵浦和抗衡离子渗透，以抵消H⁺的反向泄漏。然而，尽管专业吞噬细胞已尽了最大努力，但仍有一些特殊病原体在吞噬体内存活甚至繁殖。在这种情况下，病原体靶向宿主细胞的pH调节机制，以便在吞噬体内存活或从吞噬体中逃脱。本综述旨在描述吞噬过程中吞噬体pH值是如何调节的，为何在不同类型的专业吞噬细胞中有所不同，以及典型细胞内病原体为操纵吞噬体pH值以存活、繁殖并最终从吞噬细胞中逃脱而采取的策略。
