Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, National University of Colombia, Street 30 No, 45-01, Bogotá, Colombia.
Group of Nursing, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.
J Cancer Educ. 2022 Oct;37(5):1364-1371. doi: 10.1007/s13187-021-01964-w. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
It is essential to recognize what care is required by patients undergoing surgery in the transition from hospital to home to provide guidance for plans for release and follow-up and to achieve patient adherence to these plans. The objective of this study is to describe the skills required for the care of cancer patients who undergo surgery after hospital discharge. An exploratory-type descriptive approach was adopted, including 290 cancer patients who underwent surgery at a reference center in Bogotá, Colombia. Hospital discharge was followed by 4 weeks of telephone follow-up to investigate the skills required for care on the basis of the CUIDAR tool. The participants had a mean age of 59.3 years, with the majority being female and having low levels of education. The most prevalent type of cancer found was breast cancer, followed by colon and rectal, prostate, stomach, cervical, lung, and ovarian cancer. The first follow-up identified needs for care in most of the CUIDAR dimensions, predominantly instrumentation, knowledge, and anticipation. The fourth follow-up, which found reduced needs, focused on knowledge of diet and eating, physical activity, the management of sadness and anxiety, a permanent telephone hotline, and sharing with loved ones. Cancer patients who underwent surgery require skills for at-home care that need to be addressed in hospital discharge programs and with structured telephone follow-up. Telephone follow-up interventions need to be consolidated in hospital release or hospital discharge programs that address these care needs.
在患者从医院过渡到家庭的过程中，识别他们所需的护理至关重要，这可为出院计划和随访提供指导，并确保患者能够遵循这些计划。本研究旨在描述癌症患者在出院后接受手术所需的护理技能。我们采用了探索性描述方法，纳入了 290 名在哥伦比亚波哥大的一家参考中心接受手术的癌症患者。在出院后，我们通过 4 周的电话随访来调查基于 CUIDAR 工具的护理技能。参与者的平均年龄为 59.3 岁，大多数为女性，且受教育程度较低。最常见的癌症类型是乳腺癌，其次是结肠癌和直肠癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、肺癌和卵巢癌。第一次随访发现，CUIDAR 的大多数维度都存在护理需求，主要涉及仪器使用、知识和预见能力。第四次随访发现，需求减少，主要集中在饮食和进食知识、体育活动、悲伤和焦虑的管理、永久电话热线以及与亲人分享方面。接受手术的癌症患者需要具备居家护理技能，这需要在医院出院计划和结构化电话随访中得到解决。电话随访干预措施需要在出院或出院计划中得到巩固，以满足这些护理需求。
