Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy.
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Unit Product Identity, Supply Chains and Traceability, Max-Dohrn Strasse, 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021 Mar;20(2):2040-2062. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12700. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
Wine authentication is vital in identifying malpractice and fraud, and various physical and chemical analytical techniques have been employed for this purpose. Besides wet chemistry, these include chromatography, isotopic ratio mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which have been applied in recent years in combination with chemometric approaches. For many years, H NMR spectroscopy was the method of choice and achieved official recognition in the detection of sugar addition to grape products. Recently, H NMR spectroscopy, a simpler and faster method (in terms of sample preparation), has gathered more and more attention in wine analysis, even if it still lacks official recognition. This technique makes targeted quantitative determination of wine ingredients and nontargeted detection of the metabolomic fingerprint of a wine sample possible. This review summarizes the possibilities and limitations of H NMR spectroscopy in analytical wine authentication, by reviewing its applications as reported in the literature. Examples of commercial and open-source solutions combining NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics are also examined herein, together with its opportunities of becoming an official method.
葡萄酒真伪鉴别至关重要，可有效识别造假欺诈行为，为此人们采用了各种物理化学分析技术。除了湿法化学分析，这些技术还包括色谱法、同位素比质谱法、光谱法和核磁共振（NMR）光谱法，近年来这些技术与化学计量学方法结合使用。多年来， 1 H NMR 光谱法一直是首选方法，并在葡萄产品加糖检测方面获得官方认可。最近， 1 H NMR 光谱法作为一种更简单、更快的方法（在样品制备方面），在葡萄酒分析中越来越受到关注，尽管它仍缺乏官方认可。该技术可实现对葡萄酒成分的靶向定量测定和对葡萄酒样品代谢组指纹图谱的非靶向检测。本文通过综述文献报道，总结了 1 H NMR 光谱法在分析葡萄酒真伪鉴别的可能性和局限性。本文还考察了结合 NMR 光谱法和化学计量学的商业和开源解决方案的实例，以及其成为官方方法的机会。
