Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(17):4593-4606. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1877109. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Lifestyle-related diseases constitute a major concern in the twenty-first century, with millions dying worldwide each year due to chosen lifestyles and associated complications such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Although synthetic drugs have been shown to be quite effective in the treatment of these conditions, safety of these compounds remains a concern. Natural alternatives to drugs include food-derived peptides are now being explored for the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related complications. Peptides are fragments nascent in the primary protein sequences and could impart health benefits beyond basic nutritional advantages. Evidence suggests that by controlling adipocyte differentiation and lipase activities, bioactive peptides may be able to prevent obesity. Bioactive peptides act as agents against type 2 diabetes because of their ability to inhibit enzymatic activities of DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Moreover, bioactive peptides can act as competitive inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, thus eliciting an antihypertensive effect. Bioactive peptides may have a hypocholesterolemic effect by inhibiting cholesterol metabolism pathways and cholesterol synthesis. This review addresses current knowledge of the impact of food-derived bioactive peptides on lifestyle diseases. In addition, future insights on the clinical trials, allergenicity, cytotoxicity, gastrointestinal stability, and regulatory approvals have also been considered.
与生活方式相关的疾病是 21 世纪的主要关注点，全球每年有数百万人因生活方式选择和相关并发症（如肥胖症、2 型糖尿病、高血压和高胆固醇血症）而死亡。尽管合成药物已被证明在这些疾病的治疗中非常有效，但这些化合物的安全性仍然令人担忧。目前正在探索源自食物的肽类作为预防和治疗与生活方式相关的并发症的药物替代品。肽是在原始蛋白质序列中新生的片段，除了基本的营养优势外，还可能带来健康益处。有证据表明，通过控制脂肪细胞分化和脂肪酶活性，生物活性肽可能能够预防肥胖症。生物活性肽可作为 2 型糖尿病的抑制剂，因为它们能够抑制 DPP-IV、α-淀粉酶和 α-葡萄糖苷酶的酶活性。此外，生物活性肽可以作为血管紧张素转化酶的竞争性抑制剂，从而产生降压作用。生物活性肽通过抑制胆固醇代谢途径和胆固醇合成可能具有降胆固醇作用。本文综述了食物源生物活性肽对生活方式疾病的影响的最新知识。此外，还考虑了临床研究、变应原性、细胞毒性、胃肠道稳定性和监管批准方面的未来展望。
