Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2021 Sep;77(9):3847-3856. doi: 10.1002/ps.6306. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
The evolution of insecticide resistance is generally thought to be associated with a fitness cost in the absence of insecticide exposure. However, it is not clear how these fitness costs manifest or how universal this phenomenon is. To investigate this, we conducted a literature review of publications that studied fitness costs of insecticide resistance, selected papers that met our criteria for scientific rigor, and analyzed each class of insecticides separately as well as in aggregate. The more than 170 publications on fitness costs of insecticide resistance show that in 60% of the experiments there is a cost to having resistance, particularly for measurements of reversion of resistance and reproduction. There were differences between classes of insecticides, with fitness costs seen less commonly for organochlorines. There was considerable variation in the experiments performed. We suggest that future papers will have maximum value to the community if they quantitatively determine resistance levels, identify the resistance mechanisms present (and the associated mutations), have replicated experiments, use related strains (optimally congenic with the resistance mutation introgressed into different genetic backgrounds) and measure fitness by multiple metrics. Studies on the fitness costs of insecticide resistance will continue to enlighten our understanding of the evolutionary process and provide valuable information for resistance management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
昆虫抗药性的进化通常被认为与在没有杀虫剂暴露的情况下的适应性成本有关。然而，目前尚不清楚这些适应性成本是如何表现的，以及这种现象有多普遍。为了研究这一点，我们对研究杀虫剂抗性适应性成本的文献进行了综述，选择了符合我们科学严谨性标准的论文，并分别对每一类杀虫剂以及综合进行了分析。关于杀虫剂抗性适应性成本的 170 多篇出版物表明，在 60%的实验中，抗性存在成本，特别是在抗性逆转和繁殖的测量方面。不同类别的杀虫剂之间存在差异，有机氯杀虫剂的适应性成本较低。所进行的实验存在很大差异。我们建议，如果未来的论文能够定量确定抗性水平、确定存在的抗性机制（以及相关的突变）、进行重复实验、使用相关品系（与抗性突变引入的不同遗传背景最佳同源）并通过多种指标测量适应性，则对社区最有价值。关于杀虫剂抗性适应性成本的研究将继续启发我们对进化过程的理解，并为抗性管理提供有价值的信息。© 2021 化学工业协会。
