小胶质细胞-轴突相互作用在生理和病理生理条件下的机制和意义。
Mechanisms and significance of microglia-axon interactions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
机构信息
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
出版信息
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Apr;78(8):3907-3919. doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03758-1. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, and are important for cellular processes. In addition to their classical roles in pathophysiological conditions, these immune cells also dynamically interact with neurons and influence their structure and function in physiological conditions. Microglia have been shown to contact neurons at various points, including the dendrites, cell bodies, synapses, and axons, and support various developmental functions, such as neuronal survival, axon elongation, and maturation of the synaptic circuit. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the roles of microglia in brain development, with particular emphasis on microglia-axon interactions. We will review recent findings regarding the functions and signaling pathways involved in the reciprocal interactions between microglia and neurons. Moreover, as these interactions are altered in disease and injury conditions, we also discuss the effect and alteration of microglia-axon interactions in disease progression and the potential role of microglia in developmental brain disorders.
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的固有免疫细胞，对于细胞过程很重要。除了在病理生理条件下的经典作用外，这些免疫细胞还与神经元动态相互作用，并在生理条件下影响其结构和功能。已经证明小胶质细胞可以在各种部位与神经元接触，包括树突、细胞体、突触和轴突，并支持各种发育功能，如神经元存活、轴突伸长和突触回路的成熟。本综述总结了小胶质细胞在大脑发育中的作用的最新知识，特别强调了小胶质细胞-轴突相互作用。我们将回顾最近关于小胶质细胞和神经元之间相互作用所涉及的功能和信号通路的发现。此外，由于这些相互作用在疾病和损伤条件下发生改变，我们还讨论了小胶质细胞-轴突相互作用在疾病进展中的作用和改变，以及小胶质细胞在发育性脑疾病中的潜在作用。
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