Calisia University - Kalisz, Poland, Nowy Swiat 4, 62-800, Kalisz, Poland.
Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland.
Environ Geochem Health. 2021 Aug;43(8):3099-3114. doi: 10.1007/s10653-020-00792-z. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
European Union Council Directive 2013/51/EURATOM recently sets out so-called indicator parameters for: radon, tritium and indicative dose of water intended for human consumption. The aim of this research was to elaborate an effective procedure for determination of radon and radium Ra isotopes (which are potentially the main contributors to the internal dose from drinking and cooking water) and to find the possible relationships between these radionuclides in underground water reservoirs and Rn concentration in the soil gas in their vicinity. The research was performed by applying a non-volatile and water-immiscible scintillation cocktail based on a pure diisopropylnaphthalene (Ultima Gold F: UGF), which allow for efficient radon extraction from 0.5 dm of water samples to 20 cm of scintillation phase and its direct determination with a detection limit of 5 × 10 Bq dm. The further preliminary concentration of 3 dm of crude water samples by evaporation to 0.5 dm samples led to the removal of all unsupported Rn activity and allowed the Ra determination via equivalent Rn detection after one-month samples storage using a low-background Triathler liquid scintillation counter in the α/β separation counting mode. Together with determination of Ra isotope in water samples, the simultaneous measurements of Ra and Rn radionuclides concentrations in water as well as Rn activity in the soil gas around the water supply sites were performed. The achieved limit of Ra detection was at a very low level of 10 Bq dm. The measured values of Ra concentration in 50 public underground water supply units for the Kalisz district of Poland were relatively low and ranged from below detection limit to 28.5 × 10 Bq dm with arithmetic mean and median values of 12.9 and 12.2 × 10 Bq dm, respectively. Weak correlations were observed between activity concentrations of Ra and Rn in the crude water samples (R = 0.31) and Rn in water and its concentration in the nearby soil gas (R = 0.48).
欧盟理事会指令 2013/51/EURATOM 最近规定了所谓的指标参数：氡、氚和供人类消费的水的指示剂量。本研究的目的是制定一种有效测定氡和镭 Ra 同位素（它们是饮用水和烹饪水中内照射剂量的主要贡献者）的方法，并发现地下水库中的这些放射性核素与附近土壤气体中氡浓度之间的可能关系。该研究通过应用基于纯二异丙基萘（Ultima Gold F：UGF）的不可挥发和不混溶的闪烁混合物来进行，该混合物允许从 0.5 dm 的水样中高效提取氡，然后将其直接测定，检测限为 5×10 Bq dm。进一步将 3 dm 的粗水样蒸发至 0.5 dm 样品，可去除所有未支持的 Rn 活性，并允许在一个月后使用低背景 Triathler 液体闪烁计数器在 α/β 分离计数模式下通过等效 Rn 检测来测定 Ra。与水样中 Ra 同位素的测定一起，还同时测量水样中 Ra 和 Rn 放射性核素浓度以及供水点周围土壤气体中的 Rn 活度。Ra 的检测极限达到了非常低的水平，为 10 Bq dm。波兰卡利什地区 50 个公共地下水供水单位的 Ra 浓度测量值相对较低，范围从检测限以下到 28.5×10 Bq dm，算术平均值和中位数分别为 12.9 和 12.2×10 Bq dm。在粗水样中，Ra 和 Rn 的活度浓度之间存在较弱的相关性（R=0.31），以及水中 Rn 与其附近土壤气体中的浓度之间存在较弱的相关性（R=0.48）。
