Department of Psychology.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2021 Jan;89(1):1-10. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000546.
Advancing evidence-based theories of suicide is critical to improving suicide prevention. The aim of the current study was to investigate suicidal desire through an emerging theory of suicide, the Three-Step Theory (3ST). Specifically, this study investigated the validity and predictive utility of Steps 1 and 2 of the 3ST in a Canadian community sample.
Participants were 487 adults between the ages of 35 to 90 (M = 59; 64% female, 87% White) who completed self-report measures assessing suicidal ideation and attempt history, hopelessness, psychological pain, and 5 forms of social connectedness at baseline and 6 months later.
In support of 3ST predictions, cross-sectional analyses showed (a) the combination of pain and hopelessness strongly correlated with suicidal desire, and (b) connectedness was protective of suicidal desire among those high in pain and hopelessness. Regarding predictive utility, longitudinal analyses showed that pain and hopelessness were strong predictors of future suicidal desire and that connectedness was protective against future suicidal desire. These relationships of pain, hopelessness, and connectedness remained when controlling for baseline suicidal desire.
Results support the validity and predictive utility of 3ST hypotheses related to suicidal desire. Taken together with previous studies, findings suggest that Steps 1 and 2 are useful for conceptualizing suicide risk and prevention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
推进基于证据的自杀理论对于改善自杀预防至关重要。本研究旨在通过一种新兴的自杀理论——三步骤理论（3ST）来研究自杀愿望。具体而言，本研究调查了 3ST 的第 1 步和第 2 步在加拿大社区样本中的有效性和预测效用。
参与者为 487 名年龄在 35 至 90 岁之间的成年人（M=59；64%为女性，87%为白人），他们在基线和 6 个月后完成了自我报告的测量，评估了自杀意念和尝试史、无望感、心理痛苦以及 5 种形式的社会联系。
支持 3ST 预测，横断面分析显示：（a）疼痛和无望感的组合与自杀愿望强烈相关；（b）在高疼痛和无望感的人群中，联系有助于预防自杀愿望。关于预测效用，纵向分析表明，疼痛和无望感是未来自杀愿望的强有力预测因素，而联系则有助于预防未来的自杀愿望。当控制基线自杀愿望时，这些疼痛、无望感和联系的关系仍然存在。
研究结果支持与自杀愿望相关的 3ST 假设的有效性和预测效用。与之前的研究相结合，研究结果表明，第 1 步和第 2 步对于概念化自杀风险和预防是有用的。
