Department of Clinical Psychology.
Department of Psychology.
Psychol Assess. 2021 Apr;33(4):287-299. doi: 10.1037/pas0000980. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Assessment of implicit self-associations with death, measured by a death Implicit Association Test (IAT), has shown promise for the prediction of suicide risk. The present study examined whether the performance on the death IAT is associated with lifetime, recent, or future suicide attempt status as well as self-report measures of suicide risk factors (e.g., perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness) in two inpatient samples with low versus high severity of suicidality. Furthermore, we investigated whether explicit suicidal ideation and implicit associations with death predict recent and future suicide attempt status. Seventy-one depressed inpatients with recent/lifetime suicidal ideation (first sample) as well as 226 inpatients with a recent suicide attempt or a severe suicidal crisis (second sample) were interviewed on lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior, completed self-report measures (i.e., suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness), and conducted the death IAT. The second sample was also interviewed and completed self-report measures longitudinally, 6, 9, and 12 months later. The IAT was conducted twice in this sample, at the beginning of the assessment (₀) as well as 12 months later (₃). Implicit associations with death neither differ between lifetime suicide ideators, single attempters, and multiple attempters, nor between recent and future nonattempters and attempters. IAT scores were unrelated to other suicide risk factors. Neither the IAT scores nor the interaction of IAT scores and explicitly stated suicidal ideation was predictive of recent or future suicide attempts. The present study points to a limited utility of the death IAT for the prediction of suicide risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
评估死亡内隐联想测验（IAT）所测量的死亡内隐自我联想，对于预测自杀风险显示出一定的前景。本研究考察了在自杀意念严重程度较低和较高的两个住院样本中，死亡 IAT 的表现是否与自杀意念的终身、近期或未来企图状态以及自杀风险因素的自我报告测量值（例如，感知负担、归属感受挫）相关。此外，我们还调查了外显自杀意念和内隐的死亡联想是否可以预测近期和未来的自杀企图状态。71 名有近期/终生自杀意念的抑郁住院患者（第一组样本）和 226 名有近期自杀企图或严重自杀危机的住院患者（第二组样本）接受了关于终生自杀意念和行为的访谈，完成了自我报告的测量（即自杀意念、归属感受挫、感知负担），并进行了死亡 IAT。第二组样本还接受了访谈和纵向自我报告测量，分别在 6、9 和 12 个月后进行。该样本的 IAT 进行了两次，一次是在评估开始时（₀），另一次是 12 个月后（₃）。死亡内隐联想在终生自杀意念者、单次企图者和多次企图者之间，以及近期和未来的非企图者和企图者之间没有差异。IAT 分数与其他自杀风险因素无关。无论是 IAT 分数，还是 IAT 分数与明确表述的自杀意念的相互作用，都不能预测近期或未来的自杀企图。本研究表明，死亡 IAT 对预测自杀风险的效用有限。
