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在日光温室生产中,滴灌施肥结合秸秆还田可显著减少氧化亚氮排放和氮素淋失,同时保持蔬菜高产。

Drip fertigation with straw incorporation significantly reduces NO emission and N leaching while maintaining high vegetable yields in solar greenhouse production.

作者信息

Zhao Yiming, Lv Haofeng, Qasim Waqas, Wan Li, Wang Yafang, Lian Xiaojuan, Liu Yanni, Hu Jing, Wang Zhengxiang, Li Guoyuan, Wang Jingguo, Lin Shan, Butterbach-Bahl Klaus

机构信息

College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany.

出版信息

Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 18;273:116521. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116521.

Abstract

Approximately 1/3 of vegetables in China are produced in solar greenhouses. Most farmers use conventional irrigation with over fertilisation (CIF), thereby applying approximately 2000 kg N ha fertiliser over two cropping seasons per year. Here, we tested the effect of drip irrigation with reduced fertilisation (DIF) combined with straw incorporation on reducing NO emissions and nitrogen leaching from solar greenhouse vegetable production systems. Over three consecutive tomato cropping seasons, NO emissions and nitrogen leaching were monitored in high temporal resolution, thereby producing a unique dataset. Compared to CIF, the realised drip fertigation scheme reduces NO emission and nitrogen leaching of nitrate and dissolved organic nitrogen by approximately a factor of 5-10 (NO-DIF: 10.3, CIF: 47.5 kg N ha yr; N leaching-DIF: 83.6, CIF: 863 kg N ha yr). Straw incorporation in CIF, though advantageous for soil health, resulted in pollution swapping as soil NO emissions increased while NO leaching losses decreased. On the contrary, no significant negative environmental N effects of straw incorporation were found for DIF. As crop productivity was not affected by straw incorporation, neither for CIF nor for DIF, our study provides a sound basis for policy advice to recommend farmers to adopt drip fertigation combined with straw application. Wide scale adoption of this technique will result in reductions of environment N losses, alleviate major soil degradation signs, including soil acidity, nutrient imbalance and deterioration of soil microbial community structure, while allowing to maintaining high yields of vegetables in solar greenhouse production systems.

摘要

中国约三分之一的蔬菜产自日光温室。大多数农民采用传统灌溉并过度施肥(CIF),因此每年在两季作物种植期间每公顷施用约2000千克氮肥。在此,我们测试了减施化肥滴灌(DIF)结合秸秆还田对减少日光温室蔬菜生产系统中一氧化氮排放和氮淋失的效果。在连续三个番茄种植季中,以高时间分辨率监测一氧化氮排放和氮淋失,从而生成了一个独特的数据集。与CIF相比,实施的滴灌施肥方案使一氧化氮排放以及硝酸盐和溶解有机氮的氮淋失减少了约5至10倍(一氧化氮-DIF:10.3,CIF:47.5千克氮/公顷·年;氮淋失-DIF:83.6,CIF:863千克氮/公顷·年)。在CIF模式下,秸秆还田虽然有利于土壤健康,但会导致污染转移,因为土壤一氧化氮排放增加而氮淋失损失减少。相反,对于DIF模式,未发现秸秆还田对环境氮有显著的负面影响。由于秸秆还田对CIF和DIF模式下的作物生产力均无影响,我们的研究为政策建议提供了坚实基础,建议农民采用滴灌施肥结合秸秆施用的方法。广泛采用这项技术将减少环境氮损失,缓解主要的土壤退化迹象,包括土壤酸度、养分失衡和土壤微生物群落结构恶化,同时能在日光温室生产系统中维持蔬菜的高产。

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