Hu Jing, Wan Li, Wang Yafang, Dai Kuai, Butterbach-Bahl Klaus, Lin Shan
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2025 Aug;17(4):e70165. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.70165.
The excessive use of water and fertiliser, along with long-term monocultivation in greenhouse vegetable fields, has led to a decrease in soil quality and an imbalance in the soil microflora, which may contribute to worsening soil-borne diseases. To examine the associations between the soil microbial community composition and disease-suppressing microorganisms under different years of cultivation shifting from croplands to greenhouses, we collected soil samples from fields continuously planted with tomatoes for 5, 10 and 20 years, as well as from nearby maize-wheat fields (MW). The soil physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, putative plant pathogens and putative antagonistic bacteria were analysed. The results indicated that (1) the diversity and richness of soil bacteria and fungi significantly decreased with longer cultivation years; (2) bacterial and fungal diversity indices were negatively associated with soil nutrient content and positively associated with soil pH and NO -N content, the latter being identified as the main factor contributing to the decline in microbial diversity; (3) the complexity of the soil bacterial network initially increased, peaking after 5 years of continuous monoculture, and then decreased, whereas fungal network complexity gradually declined over time; (4) the relative abundance of putative pathogens such as Fusarium, Alternaria and Cladosporium (associated with tomato wilt and leaf mould) increased significantly with longer cultivation, whereas the relative abundance of the bacterial genera associated with putative antagonism Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Streptomyces decreased. In conclusion, after 10 years of continuous monocultivation, a marked reduction in soil microbial diversity and putative antagonistic bacteria was observed, along with an increase in putative pathogenic fungi. These changes likely contributed to the worsening of soil-borne diseases, threatening the sustainability of greenhouse vegetable production.
温室蔬菜地过度用水和施肥，以及长期单一栽培，导致土壤质量下降和土壤微生物群落失衡，这可能促使土传病害恶化。为了研究从农田转变为温室不同种植年限下土壤微生物群落组成与抑病微生物之间的关联，我们采集了连续种植番茄5年、10年和20年的田地以及附近玉米 - 小麦田（MW）的土壤样本。分析了土壤理化性质、微生物群落组成、假定的植物病原体和假定的拮抗细菌。结果表明：（1）土壤细菌和真菌的多样性和丰富度随种植年限延长显著降低；（2）细菌和真菌多样性指数与土壤养分含量呈负相关，与土壤pH值和硝态氮含量呈正相关，后者被确定为导致微生物多样性下降的主要因素；（3）土壤细菌网络的复杂性最初增加，在连续单一栽培5年后达到峰值，然后下降，而真菌网络复杂性随时间逐渐下降；（4）与番茄枯萎病和叶霉病相关的镰刀菌、链格孢属和枝孢属等假定病原体的相对丰度随种植年限延长显著增加，而与假定拮抗作用相关的芽孢杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属和链霉菌属细菌的相对丰度下降。总之，连续单一栽培10年后，观察到土壤微生物多样性和假定拮抗细菌显著减少，假定致病真菌增加。这些变化可能导致土传病害恶化，威胁温室蔬菜生产的可持续性。
