Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos, Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), Av. Brasil, 2880, Jardim Chapadão, Campinas Zip Code: 13070-178, SP, Brazil.
Laboratório de Lácteos, Probióticos e Prebióticos (LLPP), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zacarias, n. 1300, Bloco 2 dos Laboratórios, Limeira, SP Zip Code: 13070-178, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2021 Jan;139:109906. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109906. Epub 2020 Nov 26.
Cashew nuts are mainly consumed as a roasted and salted snack. Lately, the industry has gained interest in broken kernels because of their added value. In this study, defatted cashew nut flour (DCF) underwent simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain a soluble (CDs) and an insoluble (CDi) digested fraction. These fractions, which resulted from the digestion of a complex matrix, were evaluated for antioxidant capacity of bioaccessible compounds (present on the soluble digested fraction, CDs) and their potential prebiotic effect, considering that the insoluble digested fraction (CDi) could be fermented by the microbiota in the gut. The DCF had a high protein content (40.74%), being nutritionally characterized as a balanced source of amino acids, with a predominance of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), threonine and histidine. The digested DCF presented 76.90% of the soluble components of low molecular weight (0.1-2 kDa), which is typical of antioxidant peptides. The soluble digested fraction (CDs) significantly increased the antioxidant capacity in relation to flour in the ORAC and ABTS assays and the aqueous extract presented the highest values (526.0 and 76.64 as µmol Trolox Eq./g sample, respectively). The CDs protected 29.03% of the supercoiled DNA band and ratified the potential antioxidant capacity after GID in a physiological assay. In addition, the insoluble digested fraction showed a potential prebiotic effect for Bifdobacterium lactis BB-12. Finally, simulated gastrointestinal digestion improves the bioaccessibility of CDF antioxidant compounds as a complex matrix, containing low molecular weight peptides and phenolic compounds, which become more available to react with reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the potential prebiotic effect of defatted cashew nut flour has yielded a promising solution for the total reuse of broken cashew nut kernel as a functional food ingredient.
腰果主要作为烤咸坚果零食食用。最近，由于其附加值，破碎的果仁引起了工业界的兴趣。在这项研究中，脱油腰果仁粉（DCF）经历了模拟胃肠道消化，以获得可溶（CDs）和不溶（CDi）消化部分。这些部分是从复杂基质的消化中获得的，评估了生物可利用化合物的抗氧化能力（存在于可溶消化部分，CDs）及其潜在的益生元作用，因为不溶消化部分（CDi）可能被肠道中的微生物群发酵。DCF 具有高蛋白含量（40.74%），营养上被认为是氨基酸平衡的来源，具有芳香族氨基酸（苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸）、苏氨酸和组氨酸的优势。消化后的 DCF 有 76.90%的低分子量可溶性成分（0.1-2 kDa），这是典型的抗氧化肽。与面粉相比，可溶性消化部分（CDs）在 ORAC 和 ABTS 测定中显著增加了抗氧化能力，而水提取物表现出最高的值（分别为 526.0 和 76.64 µmol Trolox Eq./g 样品）。CDs 保护了 29.03%的超螺旋 DNA 带，并在生理测定中通过 GID 证实了潜在的抗氧化能力。此外，不溶性消化部分对双歧杆菌 BB-12 具有潜在的益生元作用。最后，模拟胃肠道消化提高了 CDF 抗氧化化合物作为复杂基质的生物利用度，其中含有低分子量肽和酚类化合物，这些化合物更容易与活性氧（ROS）反应。此外，脱油腰果仁粉的潜在益生元作用为破碎的腰果仁作为功能性食品成分的全面再利用提供了一个有前途的解决方案。
