Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
Food Res Int. 2021 Jan;139:109920. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109920. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
Obesity and its related metabolic disorders have been a global pandemic. Recently, we found an anti-obesity effect of flaxseed polysaccharide (FP) that could be achieved by regulating intestinal microbiota. The anti-obesity effect of FP is mainly attributed to the metabolites produced by the interaction with FP, which remains to be elucidated. In this research, the in vitro effects of metabolites of FP fermented by fecal bacteria on energy metabolism and adipogenesis were investigated. The effect of energy metabolism was analyzed by mRNA and protein expression of the intestinal glucose transporters, including sodium dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and glucose uptake in intestinal Caco-2 cells. The lipogenic effect were evaluated by Oil red O staining of intracellular lipid droplets and the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) α and β in 3T3-L1 cells. The results showed the metabolites significantly inhibited glucose intake through downregulating the mRNA and protein expression of GLUT2 and SGLT1 in Caco-2 cells. Besides, they also led to the decrease of lipid accumulation through downregulating the mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ in differentiating adipocytes. The inhibitory effects on energy intake and adipogenesis were concentration dependent, and metabolites at physiological concentration showed the most significant effect. Metabolites of fecal bacteria fermenting FP inhibited energy intake and adipogenesis at physiological concentration, which might be one of the weight-loss mechanisms of FP-diet.
肥胖及其相关代谢紊乱已成为全球性问题。最近，我们发现亚麻籽多糖（FP）具有抗肥胖作用，这种作用可能是通过调节肠道微生物群来实现的。FP 的抗肥胖作用主要归因于与 FP 相互作用产生的代谢物，但这仍有待阐明。在这项研究中，我们研究了肠道细菌发酵 FP 的代谢物对能量代谢和脂肪生成的体外影响。通过肠道葡萄糖转运体（SGLT1 和 GLUT2）的 mRNA 和蛋白表达以及肠道 Caco-2 细胞中的葡萄糖摄取来分析能量代谢的影响。通过细胞内脂滴的油红 O 染色以及 3T3-L1 细胞中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）γ、CCAAT 增强子结合蛋白（C/EBP）α 和 β 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达来评估脂肪生成作用。结果表明，代谢物通过下调 Caco-2 细胞中 GLUT2 和 SGLT1 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达显著抑制葡萄糖摄取。此外，它们还通过下调分化脂肪细胞中 PPARγ、C/EBPα 和 C/EBPβ 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达导致脂质积累减少。这种对能量摄入和脂肪生成的抑制作用呈浓度依赖性，生理浓度下的代谢物表现出最显著的效果。肠道细菌发酵 FP 的代谢物在生理浓度下抑制能量摄入和脂肪生成，这可能是 FP 饮食减肥机制之一。
