可变剪接和多聚腺苷酸化的功能后果和调控机制的研究进展。

Advances of functional consequences and regulation mechanisms of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation.

机构信息

Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China.

Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China.

出版信息

Yi Chuan. 2021 Jan 20;43(1):4-15. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.20-200.

DOI:10.16288/j.yczz.20-200

PMID:33509770

Abstract

During the maturation of pre-mRNAs and some lncRNAs, their 3'ends are cleaved and polyadenylated. The cleavage and polyadenylation (C/P) require the presence of a polyadenylation signal (PAS) at the RNA 3?end. Most eukaryotic genes have multiple PASs, resulting in alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA). APA leads to transcript isoforms with different coding potentials and/or variable 3?UTRs. The 3'UTR affects mRNA stability, translation, transportation, and cellular localization. Therefore, APA is an important mechanism of posttranscriptional gene regulation in eukaryotes. In recent years, whole genome sequencing of animals, plants and yeast has revealed that APA is pervasive in eukaryotes, and the functional consequences and regulation of APA have been studied. To date, many cis-acting regulatory elements and trans-acting factors for APA regulation have been identified. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the functional consequences and regulation of APA and discuss the future directions, aiming to provide clues and references for future APA study.

摘要

在 pre-mRNAs 和一些 lncRNAs 的成熟过程中，它们的 3' 端被切割和多聚腺苷酸化。切割和多聚腺苷酸化（C/P）需要在 RNA 3' 端存在多聚腺苷酸化信号（PAS）。大多数真核基因有多个 PAS，导致选择性切割和多聚腺苷酸化（APA）。APA 导致具有不同编码潜力和/或可变 3'UTR 的转录本异构体。3'UTR 影响 mRNA 的稳定性、翻译、运输和细胞定位。因此，APA 是真核生物转录后基因调控的重要机制。近年来，动物、植物和酵母的全基因组测序表明，APA 在真核生物中普遍存在，并且对 APA 的功能后果和调控进行了研究。迄今为止，已经鉴定出许多 APA 调控的顺式作用调节元件和反式作用因子。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 APA 的功能后果和调控的最新进展，并讨论了未来的方向，旨在为未来的 APA 研究提供线索和参考。